第十章：主谓一致

主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法

一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语

也用复数形式。例如：Tom is a good student 汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主

语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：

Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

典型练习：

1. Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.

A. were B. is C. are D. am

2. There ___ a knife and fork on the table.

A. are B. is C. am D. be

经典解析：以上两题属于就近一致，就近一致主要包括：neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . . ,

not only. . . but also. . . 连接并列主语及there be 句型. 答案为:1. D 2. B以here，there

开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致,本题离谓语近

的是a knife是单数.

3. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.

A. was B. is C. are D am

4. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already.

A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been

5. The pair of shoes ___ worn out.

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