第2单元 代词 （一）人称代词

1、主格作主语，当两个以上人称代词并用时，单数顺序为第二，第三，第一人称；复数为第一，第二，第三人称。

『例』

有表示承认过失或有不好的意思时，单数按第一，第三，第二人称排列；复数按第三，第二，第一人称排列。

『例』

It was I and Tom that broke the windo

注意：it用法较灵活，可指天气、季节、时间、明暗、距离、状况、形式主语及形式宾语等。

2、宾格用在及物动词或介词后面作宾语

『例』

3、形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要跟名词，名词性物主代词单独使用，作主语、表语或宾语。

『例』

His school is not so large as

Their team is stronger than ours.

（二）指示代词

1、that, those

指前面提到过的名词，但不可用

『例』

2、打电话时用

『例』This is Bruce speaking, who is that?

3、刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that

『例』He was ill yesterday. I’m sorry to hear that.

4、this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物 有关词组及应用

『例』This is my shirt, that’s yours.

『例』These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.

（三）反身代词：主要用于加强语气

单数myself yourself himself herself itself

复数ourselves yourselves themselves

反身代词有以下常见搭配

enjoy oneself = have a good time

by oneself = alone

help oneself to…

learn sth. by oneself = teach oneself sth.

help yourselves to…

『例』：

（四）不定代词：不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

如：all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much,other, another,

some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词

1、it与one的区别 『例』

I have a nice watch. Would you like to

2、every与each

的区别

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用; each 表示“每一个”, 强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用。

『例』Every one of us is fond of English. (全体)

Every child likes playing games. (全体)

We each have a bike.(

个别

Each of them has a nice skirt. (个别

3、everyone, no one

与

everyone，no one,只能指人，不能指物，不能和of短语连用，every one,none,既可指人，也可指物，可与of

短语连用。 『例』

None of you watched carefully enough.

4、another 与other的区别

Another：泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 『例』

I don’t want this coat. Please show me another.

other：后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的

『例』 Do you have any other questions?

the other：

1. 特指两个中的另一个

『例』He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor.

2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些

『例』Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.

Others：泛指其他的人或物

『例』1)He often helps others.

2)Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.

the others：特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物

『例』1) There are fifty students in our class.

2) Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.

one...the other… ： 一个…，另一个…，表示两个当中另一个 『例』

『例』I have two daughters, one is married and the other is a college student.

5、some一般用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中，但有些问句表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时，仍用some，any还可表示“任何的”意思。

some用于肯定句中的情况

『例』There are some flowers in front of the house.

any用于疑问句和否定句中的情况

『例』Do you have any picture-books?

She is younger than any other student in her class.

注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中

『例』1) Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？

2) May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？

3) Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？

4) Why didn't you buy some bananas? 为什么你不买些香蕉呢？

6、both表示两者都，而all表示三者或三者以上，both和all用于助动词之后，实义动词之前：

『例』My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.

Both Jim and Tom are students.

We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.

7、either(两者任一) 与neither (两者无一), either of, neither of后谓语动词常用单数形式 either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 『例』There are trees on either side of the street.= There are trees on both sides of the street.

neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数

『例』Neither answer is right.

-Are the two answers correct?

-

8、any(三者以上任一) 与none (三者以上无一)

，相当于

『例』

As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.

9、

many, few, a few

修饰可数名词

much，little，a little修饰不可数名词

a few与a little

表示肯定

few与little表示否定

『例』

Hurry up, there is little

They went on with their work after a little rest.

（五）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系

1. 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词

注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。

『例』1) These books aren't ours. Ours are new.(our books = ours)

2) This is not our room. Ours is over there.(our room = ours)

2. “of +名词性物主代词”表示所属

『例』Tom is a friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友