Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of Nature

Unit 1 Fighting with the Forces of Nature

Text A The Icy Defender

I. Words and Expressions

1. (L 5) raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed *The event took place on a raw February morning.

这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。

（＝This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.）

*Raw materials are the natural substances from which industrial products are

made.

2. (L 7) launch: vt.

1) start

* Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets. 这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。

（＝This computer company launches a new product this year.）

2) send (sth.) on its course

*On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite, called Sputnik.

Collocation:

launch an attack 发动进攻

launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动

launch a company 开一家公司

launch threats at sb. 向某人发出威胁

launch into （积极有力地）开始

* He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs.

他开始作关于吸毒危险性的长篇演说。

launch out （精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始

* She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.

她不是仅仅想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。

3. (L 10) campaign: n. a series of military operations or planned activities with a

particular aim

(插入声音文件campaign)

（＝The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption.） 在我们城市开展的灭鼠运动开端良好。

（＝The campaign against rats in our city got off to a good start.）

CF: campaign, battle & war

这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争”之意。

campaign通常指在一场大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动，也可

作引申用。

battle强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行

的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。

war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Many _____ criminals were proceeded against following World War II. (=war)

2. The American presidential _____lasts for eighteen months. (=campaign)

3. It was a decisive ____ — we won the ___ because of it. (=battle, war)

4. The Philippines had suffered grievously under the Japanese occupation. A highly

effective guerilla ____ controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. (=campaign)

4. (L 15) efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without waste

*To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars.

雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。

（＝It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. ）

5. (L 16) conquest: n. conquering, defeat

*Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple.

1939年德国征服了波兰。

（＝The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.）

6. (L 21) retreat: v. move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty

*After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.

我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。

（＝ We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat:

when they retreat, we pursue.）

NB: retreat 的反义词是 advance

例：to advance against (on, to, toward) 朝 前进

to retreat from 从 撤退

to retreat to 撤退到

CF: conquest, triumph & victory

这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。

conquest指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。

triumph着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。

victory普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，强调艰辛与成功。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. Under the leadership of the Party, we are marching from ____ to ___. (=victory,

victory)

2. The Yangtze Bridge is a great _____ of modern civil engineering. (=triumph)

3. It was a _____ of human intellect, and also international cooperation and

communication (=triumph)

4. In process of time, Rome became a great empire by___. (=conquest)

7. (L 24) engage: vt.

1) begin fighting with sb.

*The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.

他们与敌人交战。

（＝They engaged the enemy.）

2) draw into; involve

*We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.

3) attract sb.’s interest

*We failed to engage any active support for our project.

他善良的性情吸引每个人。

(=His good nature engages everyone.)

4) occupy

*Studying engages most of a serious student’s time.

工作占去她很多时间。

(=Work engages much of her time.)

Pattern：

engage (sb.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth.

* They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations.

* The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.

Collocation:

engage as 使聘为……

engage in 从事;使参加

engage with 与…啮合

8. (L 27) be faced with: have to deal with

* The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books.

(= We were faced with an exceptionally difficult situation.)

9. (L 27)crucial: adj. ver …… 此处隐藏：10070字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……