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原文

The research of network buzzwords spreading

Markus D

Abstract

Network buzzwords from the Internet language, that is, first appeared in the Internet and popular on the Internet, created by users or reference and are endowed with special meaning of words and sentences. Here's the special meaning has two meanings: the first layer means that it is unique in a certain period of time on the network popular virtual things and behavior as well as the things associated with the computer network technology. The second means that it is very different from daily in the natural language system, the unique meaning, this means that a certain period of social politics, economy, culture and Internet psychological activity factors such as comprehensive product.

Keywords: Network hot words; Buzzwords; Spreading

1 Introduction

In the 1980 s, Toffler in the United States believe that human civilization forward like waves, already had two causes the whole civilization and the great wave of social change: agriculture is the first wave of agricultural society is established. The second wave of industry established the industrial society. "Now is a new civilization in our life. The birth of the new civilization, is the only the most explosive events in our lives. The deep meaning of it, just like the invention of agriculture one hundred years ago the first wave of change of human liberation, or as the industrial revolution caused by the second wave of shock the world. We are the architects of the next change. Like it‟s predicted, we ushered in the third wave, and the third wave is marked by information highway construction of the information revolution. In this case, the information highway is the emergence of the Internet. Its emergence caused a revolutionary change of the human social life each aspect. These changes occur, also affected the development of language change. Current research of network language has made certain achievements. In the definition of network language and the

understanding of the nature has almost the same, and from the vocabulary, language symbols, language variation, and network communication, and other point of view to study and analysis of network language.

2 The definition and characteristic of network buzzwords

2.1 Definitions

Network buzzwords, which first appeared in the Internet and popular on the Internet, created by users or lead Use and are endowed with special meaning of words and sentences. Here's the special meaning has two meanings: the first layer is mean. That it is unique in a certain period of time on the network popular virtual things and behavior, as well as electricity the brain network technology related things. The first means that it is on the second floor and daily in the natural language system completely different and unique meaning, this means that a certain period of social politics, economy, culture and Internet users factors such as comprehensive product.

The first meaning refers to the prior to 2004, and could be called early network catchword. The second meaning refers to the popular time after 2004, classified collection by Internet users and ranked annually by site network buzzwords, but also can be called network buzzwords. Do such segmentation, is the cause of the early 2004 years ago the network buzzwords, the characteristics of the network language performance is more outstanding. And after 2004 network buzzwords, its popular features emerge slowly, began to tend to the daily language. Martin similar problems is analyzed, the similar conclusions. And mentioned in the introduction of network catchword is defined by Johan to summarize, the former definition of network buzzwords, notice is increasingly penetrating the natural language of network buzzwords, namely network catchword late. The definition of network buzzwords emphasizes its mediated and sociality, the network buzzwords in itself is no more. Compare the two definitions of network catchword are more systematic and comprehensive. At the same time, the definition of how to categorize the network catchword provides the help. Early network buzzwords, mainly form as a standard for classification of network catchword is late to source and popular time for standard to classify words.

2.2 Features

2.2.1 Times

"Bright times is the most prominent feature of buzzwords, as a popular saying, also is a kind of" popular ", and other popular things, has its popular stage. And different period, the popular things are different, and used to reflect the popular catchphrase of the things is not the same. "Times namely phrase reflects certain social style and features of The Times, language style and public psychology. Network catchword epoch characterized by the following aspects: language is a social phenomenon, whenever changes in social life, it will be along with the social phenomena and the generation of new things and, as the die the death of the old things. V ocabulary is the most active elements in language, the changes of the external factors, often cause the evolution of vocabulary first.

2.2.2 Dynamic

Another feature of network catchword is its dynamic nature. In a sense, is closely related between the dynamic and time inseparable. Time itself is a dynamic concept. With the passage of time is never-ending running. Network buzzwords shows time determines the dynamic characteristics of it must advance with times. Summary from our previous annual network buzzwords can clearly be seen in this. Every year the network catchword has different change, basic won't appear the same situation. Some dead network buzzwords, for example the fact that more telling.

2.2.3 Creative

Creativity is an important attribute of buzzwords, the network buzzwords creative performance is more outstanding, and language is the crystallization of human wisdom. Buzzwords is a kind of creative language, especially in the beginning of the can always give people the feeling that find everything new and fresh, which is one of important reasons why them popular. It is more serious and network catchword creativity. Network catchword creative main show is a form of had by it. In the former facing network buzzwords are classified, analyzed its form. At the same time, and analyze the source of creativity in the class. Among them, the harmonics class and controlled class embodies the Internet users to modify the old language form, concise

and interesting language expression of requirements. Pictographic class is completely ignoring the rules of grammar and classification, the pursuit of pure language innovation dissimilation. Net citizen‟s creativity in the class is completely innovation of old language form. These words form embodies the catchword outstanding innovative network.

2.2.4 Diversity

Network popular language has its diversity and irregularity. Diversity is network catchword forms. there are many words in the selection of different users for a variety of vocabulary differences. Irregularity that is in the form of word formation is not specification and use of words. Network catchword is the reason is that language is an aggregation of diversity, and the user is a person. As for the individual user as a collection of symbols in the language selection of elements is diversity. Network catchword, as the most dynamic part of the modern Chinese, there are a variety of word forms, and the selection of different users for a variety of vocabulary differences, these differences is diversity. The cause of network buzzwords diversity is very complex: the use of network buzzwords, social groups and style often have to restrict and differences. Geographical, cultural degree, the different sex, age, use the catchword is different also, presents the diversification.

3 The cause of network buzzwords

3.1 Social reasons

Language as a social product is influenced by the social factors. American Fulbright scholars (w. Bright) was proposed in his "social linguistics" "language and social covariant: the theory of gradient and catastrophe occurs when the social life, as a social phenomenon of language will be unequivocally changing with the pace of progress in social life. Mr. Matins also said: "language is a variable, the society is another variable. The two variables influence each other, interact, mutual restrict, mutual change, this is covariant. If this means that we often say: when the gradient and catastrophe occurs in social life, language is bound to change with the pace of social life, so, this is completely understandable covariant theory. The theory of the above two scholars, respectively from the perspective of different illustrate a simple

principle: covariant relation between language and society. The covariant relationship is very complicated, because language itself is both complex and social system. Each generation and development of a social phenomenon and destruction will be left his mark on history; at the same time social phenomena of the fault is in contact with each other, mutual restriction conditions coexist. The pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and so on the basic elements of a language in history, will leave traces of the development and change of, at the same time the language basic elements of fault is occurred in the form of aggregation or composition between contact and reflect the variation of language elements. Therefore, covariant relationship of language and society is sometime in the historical development as a whole and interweaved under fault conditions of complex network morphology.

3.2 Economic factors

Affect the social factors, the network buzzwords economic factor is an important reason. According to the point of view of cognitive linguistics, cognition is the foundation of language. Language is the window of the cognitive. Economic activity has always been the main part of all human cognitive activity; it determines the survival and evolution of human language communication is almost accompanied by human economic activities. Famous British language scholar David Crystal emphasizes the relationship between language and economy, he believes that a language to become an international language mainly depends on speaking language of the people's economic strength, especially want to rely on military force way, establish the status of the international language. A kind of language to maintain its international language status, consolidate and expand its influence requires the economic strength. As one of the ideology of superstructure of network buzzwords, its emergence and development degree is decided by economic foundation. Current users of network buzzwords are mainly young Internet users, they is the creator and disseminator of network buzzwords. But must meet a number of prerequisites, can they creating, using, and spread on the Internet network buzzwords. These prerequisites include eating satisfied wear warm, having a fixed residence, with a computer and having access to the network, but also must have certain levels of

knowledge and have some leisure time every day.

文献出处：Markus D. The research of network buzzwords spreading [J]. Control of Network Systems 2016, 3(1):21-30.

译文

网络流行语传播研究

Markus D

摘要

网络流行语来自于网络语言，即最初出现于网络并在网络上流行，由网民创造或者引用并被赋予特殊含义的词语和句子。这里的特殊含义有两层意思：第一层意思是指它表达的是网络上特有的在某个时期内流行的虚拟事物和虚拟行为以及与电脑网络技术相关的事物；第二层意思是指它表达的是与日常自然语言体系中截然不同的，独有的含义，这种含义是一定时期内社会政治、经济、文化及网民心理活动等因素的综合产物。

关键词：网络热词；流行语；传播

1 引言

20 世纪80 年代，美国的托夫勒认为人类文明如同海浪般推进，目前已经经历了两次引起整个文明和社会变革的巨大浪潮:第一次是农业浪潮，建立了农业社会;第二次是工业浪潮，建立了工业社会。现在“一个新的文明正在我们生活中出现。”“这个新文明的诞生，是我们生活中唯一最为爆炸性的事件。”“它的深刻意义，就像一百年前发明农业的第一次浪潮对人类解放的变革，或者如同工业革命引起的第二次浪潮所带来的震撼世界翻天覆地的变化。我们是下一次变革的缔造者。”就如同其所预言的一样，我们迎来了第三次浪潮，而这第三次浪潮就是以信息高速公路建设为标志的信息革命。这里的信息高速公路，指的就是互联网的出现。它的出现，引发了人类社会生活各个方面的革命性变革。这些变革的发生，也影响到了语言的发展变化。目前对于网络语言的研究已经取得了一定的成果。对于网络语言的定义和性质已有了基本一致的认识，并从词汇、语言符号、语言变异以及网络交际等多个角度对网络语言进行研究分析。

2 网络流行语的定义及特点

2.1 定义

网络流行语，即最初出现于网络并在网络上流行，由网民创造或引用并被赋予特殊含义的词语和句子。这里的特殊含义有两层意思：第一层意思是指它表达的是网络上特有的在某个时期内流行的虚拟事物和虚拟行为以及与电脑网络技术相关的事物；第二层意思是指它表达的是与日常自然语言体系中截然不同的、独有的含义，这种含义是一定时期内社会政治、经济、文化及网民心理活动等因素的综合产物。

第一层意思指的是在2004 年以前，又可以称为早期网络流行语；第二层意思指的是流行时间在2004 年以后，由网民分类收集并由网站每年排名的网络流行语，又可称为后期网络流行语。做这样切分的原因是，2004 年以前的早期网络流行语，其网络语言的特性表现更为突出；而2004 年以后的网络流行语，其流行语的特性慢慢凸现，开始趋向于日常通用语言。Martin分析了与之类似的问题，得出了相似的结论。而绪论中所提到的网络流行语定义是由Johan总结的，前者对网络流行语的定义，注重的是正在日益向自然语言渗透的网络流行语，即后期网络流行语；后者对于网络流行语的定义则强调其媒介性与社会性，对网络流行语本身并没有更多的说明。比较这两者，笔者对网络流行语的定义更为系统与全面。同时，该定义也为如何对网络流行语进行分类提供了帮助。早期网络流行语，主要以构成形式为标准进行分类，后期网络流行语则以词语来源和流行时间为标准进行分类。

2.2 特点

2.2.1 时代性

“鲜明的时代性是流行语最突出的特点，作为流行语，也就是…流行‟的一种，和其他流行事物一样，有其流行的阶段。而不同的时间段内，所流行的事物是不同的，而用来反映这些流行事物的流行语的情况也是不一样的。”时代性即指流行语所反映的特定时代的社会风貌、语言时尚和民众心理。网络流行语的时代性表现为以下几个方面: 语言是一种社会现象，每当社会生活发生变化时，它都会随着社会现象和新事物的产生而产生，随着旧事物的消亡而消亡。词汇是语言中最活跃的要素，语言外部的因素的变迁，往往最先引发词汇的发展演变。

2.2.2动态性

网络流行语的另一个特点是它的动态性。（完整译文请到百度文库）从某种