大学英语语言学练习题(考试必考题)

这是大学英语专业语言学期末考试重点,老师归纳的。

I. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only.

1. Clear ［1］ and dark [ ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in distribution. (P24)

2. is the smallest meaningful unit of language. (P32)

3. Consonant sounds can be either voiceless or voiced, while all sounds are voiced. (P16)

4. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the Cooperative principle proposed by J. Grice. (P86-87)

5. Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a study of language. (P4)

6. An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any when a sound is produced. (P18)

7. XP may contain more than just X. For example, the NP “the boy who likes this puppy” consists of Det, N and S, with Det being the , N the head and S the complement. (P46)

9. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an is concrete and context-dependent. (P70)

11. relates the study of language to psychology. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language. (P70)

12. A study of language is a historical study, it studies the historical development of language over a period of time. (P70)

13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level. This design feature is called . (P70)

14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the cavity and the nasal cavity. (P15)

16. features such as stress, tone and intonation can influence the interpretation of meaning. (P70)

18. refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. (P70)

19. The three branches of phonetics are labeled as phonetics, auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively. (P15)

这是大学英语专业语言学期末考试重点,老师归纳的。

21. _ studies the sentence structure of language. (P70)

22. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are . (P70)

23. act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language. (P70)

24. The modern linguistics is , not prescriptive, and its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data. (P70)

25. Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while contrasted with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actual situations by an individual speaker. (P70)

26. In semantic triangle, the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct, and it is mediated by 27. H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and transcription. (P70)

28. In the cooperative principle, Grice introduced four categories of maxims. They are maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of and maxim of manner. (P70)

29. is the study of language in use. (P70)

30. H linguistics studies language change or historical development of language. (P70)

II. Directions：Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement.

( T )1. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.

( T ) 2. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

( T ) 3. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.

( T ) 4. In modern linguistic studies, the spoken form of language is given more emphasis than the written form for a number of reasons.

( F ) 5. The compound word “reading-room” is the place where a person can read books. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.

( T ) 6. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.

( T ) 7. In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.

这是大学英语专业语言学期末考试重点,老师归纳的。

( T ) 8. An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors” for language usage.

( T ) 9. The open-class words include prepositions.

( T ) 10. According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symbol and referent, i.e. between a word and a thing it refers to.

( T ) 11. The relationship of “flower”, “violet”, “rose” and “tulip” is hyponymy.

( F ) 12. Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds. (sunrise) ( T ) 13. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.

( F ) 14. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.

( F ) 15. The meaning-distinctive fun …… 此处隐藏：13306字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……