Lesson 1 A private conversation

【New words and expressions】生词和短语（12） private adj. 私人的 conversation n. 谈话 theatre n. 剧场，戏院 seat n. 座位 play n. 戏 loudly adv. 大声地 angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地 attention n. 注意 bear v. 容忍 business n. 事

rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地 ★private adj.私人的 ① adj. 私人的 private life 私生活 private school 私立学校

It's my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信） It's my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子） ② adj. 普通的 private citizen 普通公民

I’m a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民） private soldier 大兵

《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》） public adj. 公众的，公开的（private 的反义词） public school 公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所 privacy n.隐私

It’s privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的) ★conversation n.谈话

have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词 conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式 subject of conversation 话题 They are having a conversation. talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Let’s have a talk.

dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dialogue.

chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短 ★theatre n.剧场, 戏剧 cinema n.电影院

★seat n.座位

have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair.

take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐 Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗? 请坐的3 种说法: Sit down, please. (命令性) Take your seat, please. Be seated, please. (更礼貌) 作为动词的seat与sit 的区别 sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座 He is sitting there. 他坐在那儿。 seat vt.让某人就座

seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人 Seat yourself.

You seat him.你给他找个位置.

When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture. A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated sit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐 ★angry adj. 生气的 ★angrily adv. 生气的 angry =cross

I was angry. /He was cross. annoyed: 恼火的;

be blue in the face 脸上突然变色 程 I was annoyed. 度 I was angry/cross. 加I was very angry.

深I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了, 相当生气了) ★attention n. 注意

Attention ,please. 请注意(口语) pay attention 注意

pay attention to 对 注意 You must pay attention to that girl. pay a little attention 稍加注意 pay much attention 多加注意 pay more attention 更多注意 pay no attention 不用注意 pay close attention 特别注意 ★bear(bore, born) v. 容忍 ① vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担 Can the ice bear my weight?

Who will bear the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？

② vt. 忍受（一般与can/could连用于疑问句及否定句中）

She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看着受不了。

How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？

bear =stand =put up with I can't bear/stand you. endure:忍受,容忍 put up with :忍受

I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大 bear n.熊white bear 白熊 bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb. a bear hug ★business n. 事, 生意 ① n. 生意

business man :生意人 do business: 做生意

go to some place on business:因公出差 I went to Tianjin on business. ② n. 某人自己的私人的事情

It's my business. (指私人的事, 自己处理的事) It's none of your business. 不关你的事。 ★rudely adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地 rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的 ★pay vt. &vi. 支付 ① vt. &vi. 支付（价款等） Have you paid the taxi-driver?

You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付30 英镑的定金 I’ll pay by instalments.

I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （pay for sth. 花/支付 （钱）买 ）

② vt. &vi. 给予（注意等）；去（访问） They did not pay any attention.

We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我们去拜访了老师。 ③ n. 工资，报酬

I have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。 【Text】

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A

young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the

woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily.

"It's none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!" 参考译文：

上星期我去看戏. 我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无法欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身

后, 大声地说着话. 我非常生气, 因为我听不见演员在说什么. 我回过头去怒视着那一男一女, 他们却毫不 理会. 最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回过头去, 生气地说: “我一个字也听不见了!”

“不关你的事, “那男的毫不客气地说, “这是私人间的谈话!” 【课文讲解】

1、Last week I went to the theatre.

动词go 的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to 连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主 语的动作目的。

go to the +地点表示去某地干嘛

go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏 go to the cinema =see a film 去电影院看电影 go to the dairy 去牛奶店

go to the + 人+ 's 表示去这个人开的店

go to the doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 买肉 以下短语中名词前不加冠词：

go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院) 去看病；go to bed 上床，睡觉；

go home（跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息） I am at home. 在家休息 2、I had a very good seat.

seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。 the front seat of a car 汽车的前座 Take a seat, please. 请坐。 3、I did not enjoy it. enjoy vt. 欣赏，享受，喜爱

① enjoy +n. 喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）I enjoy the music.

enjoy the dinner/film/program/game ② enjoy oneself/代词玩的开心 We always enjoy ourselves. ③enjoy +动名词

Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the

theatre.

4、I got very angry.

get 在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。 I am/was angry. 是一个事实 I got angry. 强调变化过程 It is hot. It got hot.

got 取代be动词，got 是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。

5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round. hear+人:听见某人的话

I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?

I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words.

I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words. Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words. turn round =turn around 转身 6、In the end, I could not bear it.

in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后

She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help. I could not bear it/you/the noise. 7、I can't hear a word! I can't hear a word.

美音:肯定I can 否定,I can't, 它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定

hear a word of sb. （a word 等于一句话） He didn't say a word.

May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim? 8、It's none of your business.

one’s business 指某人（所关心的或份内）的事 It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business. 不关你的事。

It is my business to look after your health. 我必须照顾你的身体健康。

none相当于not any或no one，但语气较强。

She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。 none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：

None of your silly remarks! 别说傻话了！ 【Key structures】

简单陈述句的语序

陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When? Which? Which? What? What?

1 ---主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决 定动词的单复数形式 2 ---谓语，由动词充当

3 ---宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语

4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语I like her very much

5 ---地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前 6 ---时间状语，可以放在句首或句末 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语, 谓语. 如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配when and where 【Multiple choice questions】

1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily ___b___ .

a. and they stopped talking b. but they didn't stop talking c. but they didn't notice him d. but they looked at him rudely "They did not pay any attention." 不是没看见，只是思想上没在意

pay attention: 从思想上注意、在意，如交通安全应注意. notice: 眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看) I notice her.

4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ___d___ them.

a. before b. above c. ahead of d. in front of behind: 在 后面

in front of 在 前面 (相对静止的概念)

before 在 前面 (后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连) He arrived before six o'clock. before he came back above 在 上面

ahead of 在 前面(+时间、位置)(动态的行为) ahead of time He goes ahead of me.

5 ___c___ did the writer feel? Angry. a. Where b. Why c. How d. When 特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问

how(adv.)——对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问

7 The young man and the young woman paid ___d___ attention to the writer. a. none b. any c. not any d. no any ——用在否定句和疑问句中 some——用在肯定句中

none——代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows. not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面 not any=no

He didn't pay attention. no——形容词、修饰名词

I don't have any friends./I have no friends. I have no time./I don't have any time.

11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ___c___ it. a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. lift bear 忍受=stand

suffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer 后面必须加一种痛苦

I suffer the headache.（肉体上的痛苦）

He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat n. 失败）Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?

【New words and expressions】生词和短语（5） until prep. 直到 outside adv. 外面

ring v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung） aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母 repeat v. 重复 ★until prep.直到

until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到 为止”或“在 以前”。在肯定句中，它与 表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻： I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5 点钟。

His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.

在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到 为止”、“直到 才”： She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。

His father didn't die until he came back. 直到他回来,他爸爸才死.

until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句 用否定

For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didn't wait

A. leave B. left C. didn't leave I stay in bed until twelve o'clock. I didn't get up until 12 o'clock. ★outside adv. 外面（作状语） He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outside.

★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响

① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)

Every morning the clock rings at 6. The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当 ② vt. 打电话给（美语中用call） ring sb. 给某人打电话 Tomorrow I'll ring you. ③ n. （打）电话 give sb. a ring

Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. ④ n. 戒指

★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼) 男性则是uncle: 叔叔

他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女) cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女 ★repeat v. 重复 ① vt. 重复

Will you repeat the last word? They are repeating that wonderful paly. ② vi. 重做，重说 Please repeat after me. Don’t repeat. 【Text】

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing?' she asked. 'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!' 参考译文：

那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要

一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得

很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打 来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “ “但我还在吃早饭, “我说. “你在干什么?” 她问道. “我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍.

“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1 点钟了!” 【课文讲解】 1、It was Sunday.

it 指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词， it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人： It is a lovely baby.

2、I never get up early on Sundays.

on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。

介_____词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day

当使用last，next，this，that 时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：

I’ll see you next/this Friday.

never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her.

3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词： It’s time for bed now.

You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。

4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 就在那时

如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it ? 5、I've just arrived by train,

by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on I go out by bus.

I go out in/on two buses. （指具体的两辆车介词用in/on） Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea. 如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词： My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

by air 乘飞机by bicycle/bike 骑自行车

by boat 乘船by bus 乘公共汽车 by car 乘小汽车by land 由陆路 by plane 乘飞机by sea 由海路 by ship 乘船by train 乘火车

6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.

用 come 的现在进行时态be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法

的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join 7、Dear me!

天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear! 美国人说: My god! 注意美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】 现在进行时和一般现在时

现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进 行时常与now，just，still 等副词连用： I am working as a teacher. "现阶段" He is still sleeping. （现在还在睡觉） Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。

一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副

词 often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever 等连用。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.

频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两

个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not 必须放在always 之前，而且也出现在generally、 normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not 必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记

可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可 用于句首。

I get paid on Friday usually.

Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath. 非实义动词: ① 系动词(be)

② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)

③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词. I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语） He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.

You must come here hungry.空腹来这里. 【Special Difficulties】 以what开头的感叹句：

在英语中_____可用what 引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、whole adj. 整个的 single adj. 唯一的，单一的 ★send v. 寄, 送 send a letter 寄信

赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语 序。

What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!

What a good girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）

有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。 What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊！ What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)! 【Multiple choice questions】

5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ___a___ . a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardly late <adj.& adv.> 晚的

lately <adv.> =recently <adv.>最近的, 近来的. How are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗? 8 He ___a___ out of the window and saw that it was raining. a. looked b. saw c. remarked d. watched look <vi.> 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词 see <vt.> 表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语

watch <vt.> 表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西

look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错) 11 Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the day. a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meal lunch 中餐food 食物 dinner 正餐

一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal 一顿饭

Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card

【New words and expressions】生词和短语（11） send v. 寄，送 postcard n. 明信片 spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏 museum n. 博物馆 public adj. 公共的 friendly adj. 友好的 waiter n. 服务员，招待员 lend v. 借给 decision n. 决定

send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西 send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 take flowers to his wife 自己送 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 ★postcard n. 明信片

两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音

name card /visiting card 名片

Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作) ID card 身份证（ID 身份） credit card 信用卡

cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种) ★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏 ① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋

The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。

The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。 This spoiled my day. What you said spoiled me. His arrival spoiled my holiday. ② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱

Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。 His parents spoiled the boy.

spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱

break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃 damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重 destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁

以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上的 ★museum n. 博物馆 Palace Museum 故宫 ★public adj. 公共的

① adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的 There is a public library in this town. I always sit in public gardens on Sundays. ② adj. 公开的，众人皆知的

Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他们的秘密会晤20 年以后才被公开。

public house（酒吧）简称pub public place 公共场所

in public 公开的；in private 私下里的

Let’s have a conversation in private. 让我们私下谈谈? Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)

③ n. 公众，群众，大众

The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公众对他的解释很满意。

The museum is open to the public on Sunday. ★friendly adj. 友好的

friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

He is not very friendly to John. She gave me a friendly greeting. He always greets me in a friendly way.

以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly

★waiter n. 服务员, 招待员

waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里 chief waiter 领班

I want to see the chief waiter. 我要见你们的领班。 shop assistant 商店里的店员

attendant n. （其他公共场所的）服务员 ★lend v. 借给

lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.

Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow. borrow from（借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow 不能用borrow sb sth.）

He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet. ★decision n. 决定

make /take a decision 作出决定

It was not easy for me to make/take this decision. Are you made/taken a decision?

make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定 ★whole adj. 整个的

a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶

the whole ，the whole day 整天，two whole weeks 整整两星期

all th ，all the day (the可省略) 整天

all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the

all of us；all of the students ★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的 反义词: double 双倍的 【Text】

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not

understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! 参考译文：

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的

服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片 的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定.

我早早起了床, 买来了37 张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成! 【课文讲解】

1、Last summer, I went to Italy. last：

① adj. 上一个

last summer 里的last表示“上一个”

② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the the last day 最后一天（具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）

2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Italian 于Italy : 注意重读音的位置不同 teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事 He teaches our English.(错) He teaches us English.(对)

语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English.

a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。

The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。

3、Everyday I thought about postcards.

think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到

What do you think of?

What do you think of TV program last night?

What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?

think over 仔细考虑，反复思考 What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze I'll freeze.我要冻僵了

4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”

spend+时间+地点: 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间 I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother's. I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞) spend还可以表示“花钱”

If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car. 【Key structures】 一般过去时

一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不 指动作持续多久。

Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter. 【Special Difficulties】 直接宾语与间接宾语

双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做

的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”

（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。

give sb. sth./give sth to sb

间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对 而言)或for(为 而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、 “为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to 与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife.

与for 相连的buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you .

make a cake for you find sth. for sb.

do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙

Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙 I do something for you. Can I order something for you?

Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思 【Multiple choice questions】

4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter. a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach

人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom

who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问

如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句的语序

Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian? 5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ . a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way He spoke to the writer like a friend.

in...way :以...方式, 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.

a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of all (the) day

all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the

all of the friends all of my friends all of the students 10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.

a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom

final——形容词end——名词/动词latest——形容词bottom——名词 latest adj. 最新的

latest news；latest style 新款

11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .

a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish

think about:考虑、思考、想make up one's mind:下定决心 change one's mind:改变主意make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿

Lesson 4 An exciting trip

【New words and expressions】生词和短语（6） exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 receive v. 接受，收到 firm n. 商行，公司 different adj. 不同的 centre n. 中心 abroad adv. 在国外 ★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的

exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；excited adj. 兴奋的 -ed: 自己感到/ -ing:令人感到 The news exciting.

exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩 I am excited.

excite v. 激动（这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到 ）

The news excited me.

interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的

interesting man The man is interesting. interest v. 对 感兴趣

The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣 ★receive v. 接受, 收到 ① vt. 接到，收到，得到 When did you receive that letter? ② vt. 招待，接待

You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.

receive 是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。

receive/have a letter from sb. accept 同意接收

This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.

take则是主动的“拿”、“取”

I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到

take the exam 接受考试； take advice 接受建议 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司 ★different adj. 不同的

① adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）

We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有

不同的打算。

My room is different from yours. ② adj. 各种各样的，不同的

This department store sells a large number of different things. 这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。

He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。

★abroad adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用） go abroad 去国外 live abroad 国外定居 study abroad 国外学习 【Text】

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 参考译文

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信, 他正在澳大利亚. 他在那儿已经住了6个月了. 蒂姆是个工程师, 正在一

家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车, 现在去了澳大利亚 中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. 他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯. 我弟弟以前从未出过国, 因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心. 【课文讲解】

1、I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。 同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。

在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。 2、He has been there for six months. one month；two months 注意读音

I have arrived in Beijing. （arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）

has been + in 地点

He has been in Beijing for one year. He has been in America for tow years.

3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.

work for 在 上班/任职，强调work I am working for a school.

work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班） I am working in the New Oriental school. work at 上班

She works at a department store.

a number of后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常number前有great，large，good，small，certain等形容

词，数量大小也随之改变。a great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of；

A large/great number of our students are Danish. There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.

a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词 I have a lot of friends

I have a great number of friends.

4、He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone to 去了某地没回来

has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方 Have you been to Paris?

5、From there, he will fly to Perth. from there:从那地方起

from 即可以加时间又可以加地点 from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth = go to Perth by air

6、My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.

before 在句子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志

find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。 find +宾语+形容词做宾补 find the room clean find her happy

be finding 在口语中经常使用 I'm finding... . . We’re finding... ...

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand， belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like， hate，love，detest，desire 【Key structures】 现在完成

现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副

词短语：before (now)（以前）；it’s the first tiem（第一次）；so for（到目前为止）；so far this morning（到上 午为止）；up to now（直到现在）；up to the present（直到目前）；just（刚刚）；recently（最近）；already（已 经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；for 一段时间；since+时间；still（还；仍）；at last（终于）；finally（最 终）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not ever 等。

I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning. I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.

现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作，如often（经常），frequently（屡次）， three times（三次）等。

I’ve watched him on TV several times. 【Multiple choice questions】

3 Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia six months ago.

a. to b. in c. at d. into

at 表示位置 （be at 是典型表示位置的介词短语） go to 只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the theater

go in (in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.

go into 有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room

move 常用的意义是“动”、“移动”，在表达“搬家”这个意思时move 可以单独使用，也可组成短语 move to，move into，move in，move out。 move in:搬进来

move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬进去了 move out 搬走

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

4 Tim is in Australia. How long ___b___ there?

a. is he b. has he been c. has he d. was he how long...对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连 11 He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin＿c＿. a. quickly b. for a short time c. shortly d. in a hurry quickly 指的是动作上的快 He went quickly .

for a short time 不久, 表示动作延续______一段时间 soon = shortly 不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快

in a hurry:匆忙的（指动作）

Lesson 5 No wrong numbers

【New words and expressions】生词和短语（7） pigeon n. 鸽子 message n. 信息 cover v. 越过 distance n. 距离 request n. 要求，请求 spare part 备件 service n. 业务，服务 ★pigeon n. 鸽子

It's not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不关我的事。 ★message n. （口头或书面的）信息 Here is a message for you from your sister. an oral/written message 口信/便条 leave sb. a message 给 留便条 I'll leave you a message.

take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信

Can I take a message for you? 我能替你捎个口信吗? Can you take a message for me? 你能替我捎个口信吗? take a message to sb. 给某人口信 打电话:

Hello!-- May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?

-- Can you take a message for me? information n. 信息（不可数） messenger n. 送信人，信使 ★cover v. 越过；覆盖 ① vt. 盖，覆盖

Snow covered the whole village.

She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。 ② vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态） cover+距离越过

You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes. ③ n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子

Put a cover on the box! ★distance n. 距离 keep distance 保持距离 distant adj.远距离的 Can I share this table? Can I join you?

importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的 difference n. 不同different adj. 不同的 ★request n. 要求, 请求 ① n.

request for 对 有请求, 有需求 I have a request for the cake.

He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延长时间的请求。

She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里请求帮助。 ② v. 要求, 请求

request sb.to do sth. ＝ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做 require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做

You are required/asked to do sth. （对人要求习惯用被动语态）

★spare adj. 备用的

① vt. 抽出（时间等），让给 Have you got five minutes to spare? I cannot spare the time. I have no time to spare. ② vt. 饶恕，赦免 The robbers spared his life. ‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.

③ adj. 多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的 You can sleep in the spare bedroom. Where can I get spare parts for this machine? I have no spare time now.

‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked. =‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked. ★service n. 业务, 服务

service 作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；

作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。

The service in that hotel is quite good. You have done me a great service.

service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：the mail service（邮政业务）、the telephone service（电话业务）；

也可指办这些业务的机构，如：a travel service（旅行社）、

a news service（通讯社）。

At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service. 我很乐意为您效劳. serve v. 服务, 接待 ——Thank you.

——You are welcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That's (all)right./That's ok.(绝对

正确, 绝对过时)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高兴这么做, 把自己放得很低, 把对方抬得很高)

Thank you for your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念（应以鼓掌回应） 情急之下, 可用No thanks.回答 ——Sorry. ——No sorry. 【Text】

Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service. 参考译文

詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部, 现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部. 平赫

特离锡尔伯里只有5 英里, 但_____詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机, 所以他买了只 鸽子. 昨天, 一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里. 这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程. 到目前为止,

斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件. 就这样, 他开始自己 的私人“电话” 业务. 【课文讲解】

1、Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. garage n. 车库, 车行（英美读音不同） another(+单数名词) 其它的很多个中的一个， Can you show me another?

other(+名词) adj.其它的(可加单/复数名词) the other 两个之中的另外一个 one the other 一个 另一个

One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading. others(不用再加名词)= other + 名词复数

Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).

2、Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.

介词from在这里表示距离上相隔，作“距 ”、“离 ”讲，常与away连用 It is far (away) from here.

Bus stop is only one mile from school/here. Bus stop is only one mile (away).

She has been away from home for 5 days now. How far...? 多远（对距离提问） How far(away) is the bus stop? How far is your home(from here)? My home is ten miles away from here. get a telephone 得到电话, 安装电话

3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.

carry v. 带着, 携带（其强调所携带的东西不会着地） I carried my son. （背或抱着） I carry the bag. take v. 带着

I take my sister to the cinema.

from to 表示从一个地方到另一个地方 He looked at the girl from head to foot.

The news spread from house to house. 家家户户都得知了这条消息。

4、The bird covered the distance in three minutes. cover the distance 飞过那段距离

5、Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.

up to now =up till now 到目前为止，到现在为止(作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时，相当于until/till now)

Up to now, he has not been very hard-working. request for 对 的需求

a great many(+可数名词复数) 许多 a great many可以做形容词短语：

A great many trees were destroyed in the storm. 也可作代词短语：

He has read a great many of the books in this room.

a great number of(+可数名词复数) 许多 urgent adj. 紧急的

something urgent 紧急的事情 【Key structures】 一般过去时与现在完成时

在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作

并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的now，just或者for 引导的一段时间， 或者不加任何时间状语。

一般过去时与现在完成时的共同点：动作在过去都做过了；区别：过去式只能强调过去的事, 和现在 没有任何关系. I ate a piece of bread.

现在完成时, 强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响. I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry. The clock stopped. 陈述事实

The clock has stopped. 过去的事实对现在造成影响 It snowed yesterday.

It has snowed yesterday. 强调对现在造成影响 【Special Difficulties】 带way的短语

in the way 按照，以 方式

Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。

I do the work in the way you showed me. I fly the kite in the way you showed me. in the/one’s way 挡路；妨碍（某人）

Sorry, you are in the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)

Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard. in this way 这样,以这种方式

He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.

in a way 从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上 In a way, you are kind.

in a friendly way 用友好的方式

in the family way 怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby) The woman is in the family way.

by the way 随便说一声, 随便问一下(插入语，改变话题时用)

By the way, have you seen Harry recently? on the/one’s way(to) 在去 的途中(陈述句) : on the way to school/the office；on the way home

out of the way 让路

Get out of the way! 你给我滚出去!

get one's own way 随心所欲(at one’s pleasure) Children get their own way during the holidays.

关于系动词: 一般来说, 如be become 一定不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语, 我们称它为系动词.

但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词, 常见的有: seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel,

smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词. 【Multiple choice questions】

4 Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage. ___b___ he has just bought twelve pigeons.

a. That's so b. That's why c. Because d. For so表示前面是原因, 后面是结果

That's why+从句那就是 原因, 前者是原因, 后者why后面是结果was caught in the traffic jam. That's why I was late.

That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导, 再加一个句子

That's when we can start class. That's where we will have a meeting. That's how I get to school.

8 Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His ___b___ garage is in Pinhurst.

a. another b. other c. else d. different

在语法上, 冠词（an/a）、形容词性物主代词（his/my/your）、名词所有格（my mother's）不能同时并存 的, 一般要用只能用其中一个

another=an +other 另外一个，强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个, 强调的是有三个以上

other 其它的, 加单数就表示一个, his 取代the的位置 语法的范围正在放宽松, his another 也对, 但不太好 else 其他的，放在被修饰词的后面, 会修饰两种词, 疑问词和不定代词

修饰疑问代词： who else, What else can I do for you?

修饰不定代词：anyone else, anything else