+第三十四篇 To Have and Have Not

It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.

I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.

It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more...

―Can I help you？‖ She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.

Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.

The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.

I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.

She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. ―If you use it.‖ I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.

词汇：

impersonal /im'p :s n l/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的 n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物

antique /æn'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的 n. 古董，古玩

startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇 n.惊愕，惊恐

arid / 'ærid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。毫无生气的

magnetic /mæg'netik/ adj. 有吸引力的，磁极的

注释：

1. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would for the furthest.

巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。

2. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger , nor strange, to her. 我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉是我既不是陌生人而且对她来说并不陌生。

3. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything.

房间的灯光也让我感觉和特别，灯光来自天花板上的油灯，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。

练习：

1.Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?

A.To enjoy the good weather.

B.To have a change of scene.

C.To spend all his winnings.

D.To get away from the crew.

2.What attracted the writer to the shop?

A.The lack of a sign or name.

B.The fact that it was nearby.

C.The empty window display.

D.The light coming from inside.

3.The writer found the stock in the front of the shop__________.

A.of top quality

B.of good value

C.difficult to get at

D.badly displayed

4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?

A.It made him feel self-conscious.

B.She was happy to stare at him.

C.She seemed to know him well.

D.It made him want to look away.

5.The writer disliked the back room because__________.

A.there was hardly anything in it

B.she had ordered him to go there

C.he saw nothing he really liked

D.it was too dark to look around

答案与题解：

1. B 本题的问题是：为什么作者想要离开宾馆？由本文第一段第一句可以得出答案。在宾馆是十分无聊的，最后一句也写出作者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，A，C选项错误，D选项未提及。

2. D 本题的问题是：是什么吸引作者到那个商店？由第二段中间―there was an appealing glow inside.‖ 可以得出答案。A，C选项不切题。D选项未提及。

3. A 本题的问题是：作者发现在小店前面存放的物品是怎样的？从第三段对于物品的详细描述可以得出答案。― On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition.‖

4. C 本题的问题是：那个女人看他的方式有什么不同？由第四段最后一句―I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.‖有一种似曾相识的感觉。

5.C 本体的问题是：作者不喜欢后屋的原因？从文中的第六段和第七段可以得出结论，他认为没有什么他真正喜欢的东西。―It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.‖―I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation.‖

+第三十五篇 Going Her Own Way

When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.

Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people — including Maria's father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.

Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval. She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.

In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the

classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.

词汇:

discipline /'disiplin/ n. 纪律，学科，训练，惩罚 punishment / 'p ni m nt/ n. 惩罚，严厉对待，虐待

注释:

1. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history. 在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语与文学课，还有意大利文学与历史。

2. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting. 技术学校比传统学校要现代得多， 他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。

练习:

1.Maria wanted to attend________.

A.private ―finishing‖ school

B.school with Latin and Greek

C.technical high school

D.school for art and music

2.In those days, most Italian girls________.

A.went to classical schools

B.went to ―finishing‖ schools

C.did not go to high school

D.went to technical schools

3.You can infer from this passage that________.

A.girls usually attended private primary schools

B.only boys usually attended technical schools

C.girls did not like going to school

D.only girls attended classical schools

4.Maria‘s father probably________.

A.had very modern views about women

B.had very traditional views about women

C.had no opinion about women

D.thought women could not learn Latin

5.High school teachers in Italy In those days were________.

A.very modern

B.very intelligent

C.quite scientific

D.quite strict

答案与题解：

1. C 本题的问题是：Maria想去个怎样的学校？由文中第三段可明确得出结论。―Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school .‖ A, B, D项均有明显错误。

2. C 本题的问题是：在当时的意大利大多数女孩的选择是什么？由文中的第一段可知―Most girls from middle–class families chose to stay home after primary school ,‖所以本题的正

确答案为C。

3. B 本题为推理题，问题是：从全文可以得出什么样的结论？A选项未提及。C选项错误，原文只说大多数女孩子都选择呆在家里，并未说她们都不喜欢读书。D选项错误，原文只说就算是上学的话大多数女孩子都选择传统学校，而并非只有女孩子可以去。所以正确答案为B。

4. B 本题问的是：Maria的父亲对女性的态度是什么？由文中第三段倒数第二句―Most people—including Maria‘s father —believed in the girls would never be able to understand these subjects.‖可以得出答案，父亲和大多数人一样都持传统观念。

5. D 本题的问题是：当时的意大利高中教师是怎样的？从文中最后一段可以得出结论―Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient,‖故正确答案为D。

+第三十七篇 Pop Music in Africa

Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.

Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song, "Land of A Little Something‘‖ is about Kenya's problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.

Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1.

Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment2.

One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.

In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world.

词汇：

reggae /'regei/ n. 瑞格舞（西印度群岛的舞曲） bribery /'braib ri/ n. 行贿，贿赂 apartheid / 'P a:theit / n. 种族隔离

注释：

1. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women. 她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是 坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋和女性权利的缺失。

2. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one's family, and saving the environment. 他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。

练习：

1. This passage is about how African pop music is_______.

A) usually about love and romance

B) more serious than most pop music

C) popular with young people in Africa

D) mostly written just for entertainment

2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _______.

A) the same as other pop music

B) not usually very interesting

C) entirely strange to them

D) both familiar and different

3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_______.

A) write about serious problems

B) studied in the United States

C) lost their homes at a young age

D) write songs in a new pop style

4. Eric Wainaina_______.

A) prefers to sing in English

B) listened to traditional music

C) studied music in Boston

D) performs only in the United States

5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because_______.

A) she was had a difficult life herself

B) there are many problems in Tanzania

C) she has had an easy life herself

D) there are no other women singers

答案与题解：

1. B 本题的问题是：非洲流行音乐的不同之处是什么？由第一段倒数第一句可以得出答案。―It is different also in another way : Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.‖ A,D项错误，C项未提及。

2.D 本题的问题是：对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是什么？从第

一段可以得出答案。―The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world , but at the same time is distinctly Afican.‖故正确选项为D。

3. A 本题的问题是：全文所提到的音乐家的共同的特点是什么？总览全文可以得出结论。全文通篇在讲有关社会和政治等严肃主题的音乐，故正确答案为A。B,C,D都有明显的错误。

4. C 本题的问题是：Eric Wainaina的成长细节。由第二段可以得出答案。―…and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.‖ 其余选项均有错误。

5. A 本题的问题是：Witness Mwaijaga 写有关女人的问题的原因是什么？答案在第三段第二句―Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.‖明显可见是她有切身经历。所以正确答案为A。

+第三十八篇 Why So Many Children?

In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this .

One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful . Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy‘s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world‘s lowest.

However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate(7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.

Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.

Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.

These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to

depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.

词汇：

industrialization / in‘d stri lai‘zei n/ n. 工业

possibility /p s ‘bil ti/ n. 可能性，可能发生的事物

effective /i‘fektiv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的，实际的

注释：

1. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 传统的农业经济中，家庭成员数目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味着田里的劳动力多且有人给父母养老。

2. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 高的生育率往往与妇女缺乏教育与社会地位低下相关。

3. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 这些趋势表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依赖于良好的经济状况。

练习：

1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______.

A. can be an advantage

B. may limit income

C. isn‘t necessary

D. is expensive

2. When countries become industrialized, _______.

A. families often become larger

B. the birth rate generally goes down

C. women usually decide not have a family

D. the population generally grows rapidly

3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.

A. agricultural country with a high birth rate

B. agricultural country with a low birth rate

C. industrialized country with a low birth rate

D. industrialized country with a high birth rate

4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.

A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy

B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate

C. women who have a high income usually have few children

D. the birth rate depends on per capita income

5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______.

A. is not concerned about the status of women

B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly

C. does not allow women to work outside the home

D. has tried to improve the condition of women

答案与题解：

1. A 本题的问题是：在传统的农业经济中，大的家庭的影响是什么？从文中第二段第

二句和第三句话可以得出明确的答案。―In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.‖所以答案为A，是优势。

2. B 本题的问题是：当国家工业化后，人口和出生率的状况是什么？从第二段意大利的例子可以明确得出答案。―In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italy‘s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.‖由此可见出生率降低。

3. C 本题的问题是：本文举出意大利的例子要说明什么？从第二段意大利的前后对比的情况可以看出正确答案为C。

4. B 本题的问题是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子说明了什么？由第三段开头可知―However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.‖下面将要介绍其他的因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯为例。故正确答案为B。经济以外影响出生率的因素。

5. D本题的问题是：墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的政府采取了怎样的措施？从文中第四段后半部分―On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.‖可以得出结论。另一方面从第四段开头也可以得出结论。―The most important of these is the condition of women.‖之后举出这几个国家的例子，从而也可以得出结论。

+第四十七篇 Narrow Escape

We had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour.1 It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice.

As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step you take insecure.

For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder2. Then came a shout. "Cailloux! Cailloux!" I heard yelled from above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from.

There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-hum-hum as it moved through the air, then crack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks gained momentum and jumped further and further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rock fall. "Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet," he told us. "Face in, always face in." I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across. He was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not understand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder

and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack.

I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they‘ll be crushed flat if it hits them, and I‘ll never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby."Are you all right? That went straight through you."The rock had pitched in front of me, and passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went.

Toby and I had spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn‘t leapt sideways, what if I‘d been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it.

词汇：

livid [‘livid] adj. 铅色的；青灰色的；非常生气的

awkward [‘ :kw d] adj. 笨拙的；尴尬的；棘手的；

grip/ɡrip / n. 紧握；支配 vt. 紧握；夹紧

注释：

1. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour. 我们走到外面，东面笼罩在山上的天空是青灰色的。

2. For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder. 我们平稳前进了30分钟。岩石的状况很不好。当我们试图把自己拉上去，它就会滑向我们，像一个打开的抽屉。我的手巨剑出汗变得冰冷。

3. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack

然后我感到了一阵重击，紧紧向后拉扯，像是有人使劲儿地用手夹住我的肩膀然后把我转向面对他的方向。一块石头砸在了我背包的盖子上。

练习：

1. Why was it ―too late‖ by the time they left the hut in the morning?

A) It would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather.

B) The livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes.

C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous.

D) They wouldn‘t be able to walk on the melting ice.

2. The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is_______.

A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you

B) that it allows people climbing above you to push off

C) that it makes people climbing above you feel insecure

D) that it can cause other people to push you off the mountain

3. What is likely to be the meaning of "Cailloux"?

A) Rocks are flying through the air.

B) Rocks are falling.

C) There are loose rocks on the ground ahead.

D) There are rocks everywhere.

4. What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four?

A) He didn‘t keep his ‘‘face in".

B) Not every climber wears a helmet.

C) It is very difficult not to look up during a rockfall.

D) Being hit by a rock isn‘t "pleasant" at all.

5. In what sense was Toby "safe"?

A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks.

B) He felt a hand on his shoulder.

C) His rucksack was protected.

D) He had hidden under a canopy.

答案与题解：

1. C 本题的问题是：为什么说他们离开小屋的时间晚了？由第一段可以知道答案―It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice. ‖可知岩石的状况已经不是很好了，故此题的正确答案为 C。

2. A 本题的问题是：登山者讨厌斜坡的第一个原因是什么？由原文第二段可以直接得出答 案。―First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. ‖

3. B 本题的问题是：―Cailloux‖这个词的意思是什么？由第三段后半部分与第四段开头可知 这个单词是石头滑落的意思。―it would pull towards me, like a drawer opening‖―There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air.‖

4. D 本题的问题是：在第四段男孩话语中讽刺的是什么？由第四段― Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet，‘he told us. Face in, always face in.‘‖可知正确答案为 D。

5. A 本题的问题是：Toby安全的标志是什么？由文中第五段―I looked across, he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. "可以得出答案。

+第十一篇 School Lunch

Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) __ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) __meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) __ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.

One shocking (4) __ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) __ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) __ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) __by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) _ twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.

The research will provide a better (9) __ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) __in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot(11) __ parents, but it can remind them of the (12) __value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) __their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) __ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) __it.

词汇：

Canteen / kæn'ti:n / n.食堂，小卖部 starchy / 'stɑ:t i / adj. (食物)含有大量淀粉的 注释：

1. ... twice as much sugar as ... ： ……2倍的糖分……

2. it can remind them of the ... ：提醒他们关于……

练习：

1. A) appropriately B) properly C) probably D) possibly

2. A) give B) provide C) make D) do

3. A) prefer B) manage C) want D) choose

4. A) finding B) number C) figure D) factor

5. A) standards B) procedures C) conditions D) Ways

6. A) piece B) portion C) bowl D) kilo

7. A) examined B) found C) taken D) investigated

8. A) take B) contain C) consume D) consist

9. A) view B) knowledge C) understanding D) opinion

10. A) increased B) expanded C) extended D) added

11. A) criticise B) instruct C) order D) tell

12. A) nutritional B) healthy C) positive D) good

13. A) damage B) predict C) destroy D) affect

14. A) behaviours B) styles C) attitudes D) habits

15. A) prevent B) define C) decide D) delay

答案与题解：

1. B 本句意为―在英国超过一半以上的儿童将午餐带到学校去吃而不是在中午饭点正常吃‖此处需要有―正当地，得体地‖意思的副词。A 选项意为 appropriately―适当地；相称地‖ C选项 probably 意为"大概，或许;可能"。D 选项 possibly 意为"可能地;也许;大概"。所以应该在A和B之间选择，A项倾向"得体"。故选 B。

2. B 根据四个选项的意思，可以看出这句有"提供"的意思，所以答案为 B。

3. D本句意为"孩子们可以选择带餐过去或者在食堂就餐"。选项 A 为 prefer"更喜欢"。选项B 为 manage"管理;经营"。选项 C 为 want"需要"。而 D 中 choose 意为"选择"。故选 D。

4. A本句意为"一项令人震惊的发现显示……" B 选项 number 为"号码;数字"0 c 选项figure 为"数字;人物"。D 选项 factor 为"因素;要素"。只有 A 选项 finding 为"发现"，符合句意。故选 A。

5. A 本句意为"学校午餐有着严格的准备标准" B 选项 procedure 为"进程";C 选项condition 为"条件";D 选项 way 为"方式，方法";只有 A 选项 standard 为"标准"。故选 A。

6. B 考查量词。A ，C，D 把量具体化了，然而本题中并没有明确指出每天应该摄人多少水果， 所以只是"比例"的意思，故选' B。

7. A 本句意为"然而被检查的学生自带的饭盒中含有甜饮料、薯条和巧克力棒。"D选项investigated 意为"研究；调查";A 选项 examine 更符合句意。故选择 A。

8. C 本句意为"学生摄取的糖分是他们应当在午餐中摄取的2倍。"其中 A 选项 take 意为 "拿，获得"。 B 选项 contain 意为"包含;控制"。 D 选项 consist 意为"组成;在于;符合"。只有 C 选项 consume 有摄取之意，符合句意。故选'C。

9. C本句的意思为"这份调查研究对为什么在过去的十年中英国学生的超重人数上升提供了 一个更好的解释。"A 选项 view 意为"观察;意见 "。 B 选项 knowledge 意为"知识;学问" c 选项 understanding 意为"谅解;理解"，符合句意。D 选项 opinion 意为"意见，主张"。故选 C 。

10. A 本句意为"这份调查研究对为什么在过去的十年中英国学生的超重人数上升提供

了一个更好的解释。"选项 B 为"扩大(面积，体积的扩大)";选项 C 为"扩张(延展.性)";选项 D为"增加，加上"的意思;A 选项 increased 意为"增长的"，符合句意。故选 A。

11. A 此处的句意为"政府不能批评家长"0 B 选项 instruct 意为"指导;通知;命令"。 C 选项 order 意为"命令;整理" 0 D 选项 tell 意为"告诉，辨别";而 A 选项 criticise 意为"批评"，与 句意相符。故选 A。

12. A 此处句意为"……但却可以提醒他们牛奶，7j(果、蔬 菜的营养价值。"B 选项 healthy 为"健康的，健全的";C 选项 positive 为"积极的";D 选项 good 意为"好的，优良的"。从句子的意思上看这里有"营养的"意思;而 A选项 nutritional 意为"营养的，滋润的"，与句意相符。故选 A。

13. D 此句意为"孩子们饮食上小小的改变可能会影响他们未来的健康。"A 选项 damage 意 为"损害，毁坏";'B 选项 predict 意为"预测";C 选项 destroy 意为"破坏，消灭，毁坏";只有D 选项 affect 意为"影响"，与句意相符。故选 D。

14. D develop habits 为固定搭配―养成习惯‖的意思，故选 b。

15. A 此句意为"……家长却是唯一能够阻止这件事发生的人。"B 选项 define 意为"定义，使 明确";C 选项 decide 意为"决定";D 选项 delay 为"延期，耽搁";只A 选项 prevent 意为 "预防，防止"，与句意相符。故选 A。

+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence

There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ______ doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ________ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) ________ to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) ________ their computers?

Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) ________in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) ______ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) ______ that it won‘t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) ______to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) ______ dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from (10) ______ any other soft of bargain about behaviour.

Any parent who is (11) ______ alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to (12)______ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not

(13) ______ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (14) ______ crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) ______through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!

词汇：

drastic / 'dræstik / adj.严厉的，极端的

phase / felz / n. 阶段，时期

arrangement / 'reind m nt / n. 安排

注释：

1. ... make a huge difference ... :……造成巨大改变…

2. ... children are bent over their computers for hours ... : bend over: ……埋头苦干，孩子们在电脑上花费了数小时......

练习：

1. A) always B) rarely C) never D) ever

2. A) worried B) concerned C) curious D) hopeful

3. A) harming B) harmful C) hurting D) hurtful

4. A) staring at B) glancing at C) looking D) watching

5. A) supposed B) occupied C) interested D) absorbed

6. A) do B) have C) make D) create

7. A) word B) promise C) vow D) claim

8. A) holding B) sticking C) following D) accepting

9. A) rules B) procedures C) regulation D) steps

10. A) dealing B) negotiating C) having D) arranging

11. A) widely B) heavily C) seriously D) broadly

12. A) speak B) discuss C) talk D) debate

13. A) possibly B) necessarily C) probably D) consequently

14. A) absolutely B) more C) quite D) a lot

15. A) going B) passing C) travelling D) walking

答案与题解：

1. D 此句句意为"在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他的事情"，其中 hardly ever 为固定搭配意 为"几乎不"等同于 never。

2. C 考查固定搭配。其中A 选项 be worried about 8th. 意为"对……表示忧虑";B 选项 be concerned about 意为"对……感到担心";D 选项 hopeful 意为"有希望的"，与句意不符;而 C选项 be curious to sth. 意为"对……表示好奇"，与句意一致。故选 C。

3. B harmful 泛指伤害，而 hurt 强调情感、精神的伤害，根据题意应选民

4. A四个选项都表示看的意思，stare at 表示"盯着看" ，glance at 表示"瞟一眼" ，100k 泛指看，watch 有观察之意。本句句意为"孩子们花了大量的时间盯着电脑看"，故选 A。

5. D 考查固定搭配。此句句意为"如果孩子在电脑主花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏不是做功课。"A 选项 suppose to ..意为"猜想‖ B 选项 occupy on sth. 表示"专注于某事"，C 选项 interest in 意为"对……感兴趣"，而 D 选项 be absorb in sth. 表示"沉浸在……"，与 句意相符。故选 D

6. C. 考查固定搭配 make use of sth. 表示"利用"。

7. A 考查固定搭配。此句意为"……并且孩子应该保证这不会干预他的功课。"，A 选项 word 意为"诺言";B 选项 promise 意为"许诺，允许尸 ;C 选项 vow 意为"发誓" ;' D 选项 claim 意为 仔声称;断言"，并且 give word to = promise 表示"许诺"，符合句意。故选 A。

8. A 此句句意为"如果孩子没坚守这个安排……"从句子的意思上'看这里有"坚持"的意思， 所以应该在 A 和 B 之间选择，hold to表示"坚持‖，stick to 表示―坚持（信念，理想）― 选择 A 。

9. D 固定搭配 take step to do sth. 意为"采取措施做某事"。

10. B 此句句意为"……这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。"A 选项 dealing 意 为"处理";D 选项 arranging 意为"安排，排列";只有 B 选项 negotiate 意为 谈判，协商"，与句意相符。故选 B。

11. C 从句子的意思上看这里有"严重"之意，只有 C 表示此意。widely表示"广泛地"，heavily 表示"沉重地" ，broadly 表示"广泛地"。

12. B 从句子的意思上看这里有"讨论"之意!，discuss sth. with sb. 表示"刷某人讨论某事"debate sth. with sb 表示"和某人辩论某事"。

13. B 从句子的意思上看这里有"必要"之意，consequently 表示"结果是"。

14. A absolutely 表示"完全地"，根据句意，这里没有比较的意思，所以排除 B ，quite 表示"相当"，根据上下文选择 A。

15. A 考查固定搭配。此句的句意为"…他也许仅仅是在度过个时期，几个月以后还会 有其他事情去担心。"B 选项 passing 与 though 搭配意为"穿越"C 选项 traveling 与 though搭配意为"经过";D 选项 walking 与 though 搭配意为"走过，草率地处理";而 A 选项 go through 意为"度过"，与句意相符。故选 A 。

+第十三篇 The Old Gate

In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive (1) __but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious (2) __. The Old City of London gates were all (3) __by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a (4) __ of luck, it was never destroyed.

This gate is, in (5) __fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6) __between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in (7) __ because its design was (8) __ it was expensive to (9) __ and it was blocking the traffic.

The Temple Bar Trust was (10) __ in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the (11) __ of the nation's architectural heritage.

Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it (12) __, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be (13)__, though there is a good (14) __ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest (15) __ of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate. 词汇：

contagious / k n'teid s / adj. 传染性的，会蔓延的 demolish / di'm li / vt.拆除，破坏 stroke / str uk / n. 打击 preservation / ,prez 'vei n / n. 保存，保留

boundary / 'baund ri / n. 范围，分界线 cathedral / k 'θi:dr l / n. 保留，保存

注释:

1. mark the boundary between ... and... : ……在……和…… 两者之间划定界限

2. there is a good chance that... : 很有可能发生某事，有……的机会

练习:

1. A) grounds B) reasons C) causes D) purposes

2. A) injuries B) symptoms C) colds D) diseases

3. A) devoted B) demolished C) declared D) decreased

4. A) stroke B) wave C) hit D) blow

5. A) real B) contemporary C) actual

6. A) borders B) part C) boundary D) current

7. A) storage B) store C) storing D) line

8. A) unrealistic B) unfashionable C) unavailable D) stock

9. A) maintain B) afford C) repair D) unbearable

10. A) set out B} set up C) set off D) fix

11. A) preservation B) reservation C) conservation D) set back

12. A) up B) over C) on D) down

13. A) replaced B) substituted C) exchanged D) overtaken

14. A) capacity B) opportunity C) possibility D) chance

15 A) requirement B) job C) necessity D) obligation

答案与题解:

1. B A 选项 grounds 意为"理由，基础" ;C 选项 causes 意为"原因" ; D 选项 purposes 意为"目的;意志"。根据句意"城墙一方面是为了防御外敌……" for 为介词，表目的。for defensive reasons，为了防御的原因。故选 B。

2. D 考查固定搭配。A 选项 injuries 意为"伤害，受伤";B 选项 symptoms 意为"症状";C 选项colds 意为"感冒";D 选项 contagious diseases 意为"传染病"。根据句意应选 D。

3. B 此句句意为"伦敦古城的城门，均在 18 世纪末被拆毁。"A 选项 devoted 意为"献身于……";B 选项，demolished 意为"拆毁，破坏"，与句意相符;C 选项 declared 意为"公然的,公开宣布的";D 选项 decreased 意为"减少"。故选民

4. A 考查固定搭配 a stroke of luck。

5. C 考查固定搭配in actual fact,为固定搭配，意思是"事实上"。等于 actually或 as a matter of fact 。

6. C 此句句意为"它的名字叫圣殿酒吧区，是伦敦古城与威斯敏斯特的分界线。"A 选项 borders 意为"边界，边缘地区";B 选项 part 意为"部分"D 选项 line 意为"路线，排";而

C 选项boundary 意为"两地的分界线"，与句意相符。故选 C。

7. A 此句句意为"1878 年，伦敦议会将其推倒，给石头编了号，并将它们储藏。" A 选项storage 意为"存储，仓库"，符'合句意;B 选项 store 意为"商店，储各";C 选项 storing 意为"储存，保管";D 选项 stock 意为"股份，股票" in storage 为固定搭配。故选 A。

8. B 此句句意为"城门的设计老套，维修费用昂贵，而且堵塞交通。"A 选项 unrealistic 意为 "不切实际的"C 选项 unavailable 意为"难以获得的"D 选项 unbearable 意为"难以忍受的"，均与句意不符 ;B 选项 unfashionable 意为"不时髦的，老套的"。故选 B。

9. A 此句意为"……维修费用昂贵，并且堵塞交通。"afford 意为"支付得起";repair 意为 "修";fix 意为"修理，安装" 。(对建筑物的)维修保持意为 maintain。故选 A

10. B 此句句意为"在..20 世纪 70 年代，最初为了恢复城门，建立了圣殿酒吧区信托基金，目的 是保存国家的建筑遗产。" set 叩意为"建立，开业"; set out 意为"动身，陈列";set off 意为 "启程，使爆炸";set back 意为"推迟，使受挫"。故选 B。

11. A 此句句意为"目的是保存国家的建筑遗产。" A 选项 preservation 意为"(古物，建筑)的 保存"，与句意相符 ;B 选项 reservation 意为"预约，保留";C 选项 conservation ，多用于"(环境的)保存，保护";D 选项 recreation 意为"娱乐，消遣"。故选 A。

12. D 考查介词搭配。pull up 意为"拔起，阻止" ;pull over 意为"靠岸，开到路边";pull on 意 为"穿，继续拉"，只有 D 选项 pull down 意思是"摧毁，推倒"，与句意相符。

13. A 根据上下文，可以排除 C 与 D A 与 B 均有替代的意思，通常，replace...with ... "替换，更换(以旧更新)"，substitute ...for ...替代"之意，不与原物进行比较。

14. D there is a good chance that 意思是"很有可能发生某事，有……的机会"。

15. B 此句句意为"最艰难的工作"the hardest job of all 为常用说法。A 选项 requirement 意为 "要求，必要条件" C 选项 necessity 意为"需要 写 必需品";D 选顶 obligation 意为"义务"。故选 B。

+第十四篇 Family History

In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (1)