西方经济学名词解释 英文版

西方经济学名词解释 英文版

第一章

Macroeconomics 宏观经济学

The study of the overall aspects and workings of a national economy, such as income, output, and the interrelationship among diverse economic sectors. 研究国民收入的各方面。

Microeconomics 微观经济学

The study of the operations of the components of a national economy, such as individual firms, households, and consumers. 研究经济中单个因素行为的分析。

GDP 国内生产总值 (Gross Domestic Product)

The total market value of all final goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period.

一国国民在各行业中一年内生产的最终产品和最终服务价值总和。It is often seen as an indicator of the standard of living in a country.Gross Domestic Product＝consumption + investment goods + government purchases + net exports

Economic Growth 经济增长

steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income)

Real Economic Growth Rate 实际经济增长率

A measure of economic growth from one period to another expressed as a percentage and adjusted for inflation (i.e. expressed in real as opposed to nominal terms). The real economic growth rate is a measure of the rate of change that a nation's gross domestic product (GDP) experiences from one year to another. Gross national product (GNP) can also be used if a nation's economy is heavily dependent on foreign earnings. The real economic growth rate builds onto the economic growth rate by taking into account the effect that inflation has on the economy. The real economic growth rate is a "constant dollar" and therefore a more accurate look at the rate of economic growth because the real rate is not distorted by the effects of extreme inflation or deflation.

GDP deflator GDP指数

In economics the GDP deflator (implicit price deflator for GDP) is a measure of the change in prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. GDP stands for gross domestic product the total value of all goods and services produced within that economy during a specified period.

Nominal GDP 名义GDP

A gross domestic product (GDP) figure that has not been adjusted for inflation.

Real GDP 实际GDP

This inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of all goods and services produced in a given year, expressed in base-year prices. Often referred to as "constant-price", "inflation-corrected" GDP or "constant dollar GDP". Unlike nominal GDP, real GDP can account for changes in the price level, and provide a more accurate figure.

Potential output 潜在产量/潜在GDP

In economics, potential output (also refered to as "natural real gross domestic product") refers to the highest level of real Gross Domestic Product output that can be sustained over the long term.

GDP Gap GDP缺口

The forfeited output of an country's economy resulting from the failure to create sufficient jobs for all those willing to work. A GDP gap denotes the amount of production that is irretrievably lost. The potential for higher production levels is wasted because there aren't enough jobs supplied.（与书异）

Net Exports 净出口

The value of a country's total exports minus the value of its total imports. It is used to calculate a country's aggregate expenditures, or GDP, in an open economy. In other words, net exports is the amount by which foreign spending on a home country's goods and services exceeds the home country's spending on foreign goods and services.

Recession 经济衰退

A significant decline in activity spread across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income, and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's GDP.

Notes: Recession is a normal (albeit unpleasant) part of the business cycle. A recession generally lasts from six to eighteen months. Interest rates usually fall in recessionary times to stimulate the economy by offering cheap rates at which to borrow

西方经济学名词解释 英文版

money.

Depression 经济萧条

A severe and prolonged recession characterized by inefficient economic productivity, high unemployment, and falling price levels. In times of depression, consumer's confidence and investments decrease, causing the economy to shutdown.

Value Added 附加值

The enhancement a company gives its product or service before offering the product to customers. This can either increase the products price or value.（与书异）

Gross National Product – GNP 国民生产总值

An economic statistic that includes GDP, plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments, minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents. GNP is a measure of a country's economic performance, or what its citizens produced (i.e. goods and services) and whether they produced these items within its borders.

Disposable Income 可支配收入

The amount of after-tax income that is available to divide between spending and personal savings. This also known as your take home pay.

Unemployment Rate 失业率

The percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work.

Labor force 劳动力

the group of people who have a potential for being employed.

Frictional Unemployment 摩擦性事业

Unemployment that is always present in the economy, resulting from temporary transitions made by workers and employers or from workers and employers having inconsistent or incomplete information.

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