中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students

By Felicia Brittman

This paper presents some of the most common Chinese-English habits observed from over two hundred English technical papers by Chinese writers. The habits are explained and in most cases, example text from an actual paper is given along with preferred text. An attempt is made to explain how to correct and prevent such mistakes. In some cases a possible explanation of why the habit occurs is also given. This paper can serve as an individual guide to editing technical papers especially when a native English-speaking editor is unavailable.

Introduction

Most Chinese universities require their doctoral and master candidates in technical and scientific fields to publish at least one English paper in an international journal as a degree requirement. However, many factors make this task difficult to accomplish. First, previous English studies may not have focused enough on writing, let alone technical writing. Current studies may not include English, causing the writers English fluency level to decline. Second, most writers have never lived in an English-speaking country. Third, due to the special aspects of technical writing, even native English-speaking engineering students have a technical writing course as part of their study.

Too often, students’ papers are returned unaccepted because of poor English. If available, students may have their papers edited by a native English speaker. However, this can get expensive for a department that has many students with each paper typically needing to be edited twice. Hiring someone to edit papers is difficult, costly and only puts a patch over the problem. A native English speaker can do a good job at getting rid of most of the grammatical mistakes. However, if this person does not have a technical background, particularly in the area of the papers he is editing, he is unable to get rid of all of the mistakes and make sure that the meaning is clear. He cannot recognize the incorrect translation of technical terms for which there is a standard word. Such mistakes will not be picked up by the processor’s spelling and grammar checker. In addition, if they are not familiar with the topic or field, they may not grasp the meaning of the entire article and fail to make critical edits.

Hiring a person with a technical background similar to that of the papers being edited is a better option. Nevertheless, while a person with a technical background may be able to edit the paper sufficiently, he may not be able to explain to the writer how to prevent such mistakes in the future. Besides, it is difficult for most Chinese universities to hire such staff simply for editing. Universities may consider inviting a visiting scholar who will edit papers in addition to doing research or teaching as part of an exchange. Although editing may be the fastest way to publish papers, it does little in the way of teaching the writers how to prevent common mistakes and colloquial habits that

prevent a clear understanding of the writer’s ideas. Writers who have already obtained an

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

impressing command of the English language can only truly benefit if they are made aware of their common mistakes and colloquial habits and how to prevent them.

Purpose

The purpose of this report is to introduce the most common habits in Chinese-English writing as noted from the over two hundred papers I have edited. The habits include grammar mistakes, colloquialisms, and formatting problems and in most cases prevent a clear understanding of the writer’s ideas. A few of the habits, such as writing extremely long sentences, can be corrected with careful use of the MS Word® grammar and style checker. However, most habits, such as missing articles, go unnoticed by automatic grammar checking devices. Still, Chinese-English colloquial habits are not recognized by such software tools.

Structure

The common habits are presented in two sections. The first section lists the habits that, in my opinion, need the most attention. These habits interrupt the flow of the paper making it difficult to understand and occur most frequently. In this section, the habits are explained, example sentences from actual papers are given to show the habits, and the sentences are rewritten to show the correct way to write them. In the case of missing articles, a flow chart is also given to aid in choosing the correct articles.

In the second section, an additional list of habits is given. In some cases, example sentences are given. In other cases, advice is given. The second section is very useful in becoming familiar with small nuances.

Not all of the common habits I observed are presented mainly because they can only be dealt with on an individual basis. For example, writers had difficulty titling their papers and naming new technical ideas to express their contents and functions concisely. This problem frequently occurred but it can only be addressed individually. Once writers are aware of their habits, they would be able to write better technical English articles.

Section 1

“a, an, the”

a, an, and the. This occurs because Mandarin has no direct equivalent of articles and the rules for using them are somewhat complicated for a non-native speakers.

Articles signal that a noun will follow and that any modifiers between the article and the noun refer to that noun (a big blue bicycle / the first award). A and an are indefinite articles; the is a definite article. Every time a singular noncount noun, a common noun that names one countable item, is used the noun requires some kind of determiner.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

Mistake: The, a, and an are 1) omitted where they are required, 2) used where they are not needed or contribute to wordiness 3) used wrongly in place of the correct article.

Examples of incorrect usages:

Incorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main 15and splitter blades.

Correct Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the

main and splitter blades.15

Incorrect The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it is 4good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.

Correct The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it is 4good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.

There was only one 3D modeling tool used in this study, therefore ‘3D modeling tool’ is specific and requires the article the.

Incorrect A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in centrifugal

impeller with splitter blades and investigation of the interactions

between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices

are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of

flows. Systematical study of number and distribution of vortices is

conducted.15

Correct A theoretical method for calculating the inner flow-field in a centrifugal

impeller with splitter blades and an investigation of the interactions

between main and splitter blades is presented in this paper. The vortices

are distributed on the main and splitter blades to simulate the effects of

flows. A systematical study of the number and distribution of vortices is

conducted.15

Incorrect Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources

contained in EOF product thereby minimizing impact on environment to

the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of materials;

consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.16

Correct Theoretically, remanufacturing could fully take advantage of resources

contained in an EOF product thereby minimizing the impact on the

environment to the greatest extent compared to landfill or recycling of

materials; consequently it contributes greatly to resource conservation.16

Definitions:

Articles Also called determiners or noun markers, articles are the words a, an, and the. A and an are indefinite articles, and the is a definite article. Articles signal that a

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

noun will follow and that any modifiers between the article and the noun refer to that noun. ( a cold , metal chair/ the lightning-fast computer).

Determiners A word or word group, traditionally identified as an adjective, that limits a noun by telling how much or how many about it. (expression of quantity, limiting

adjective, marker) They tell whether a noun is general (a tree) or specific (the tree). The is a definite article. Before a noun, the conveys that the known refers to a specific item (the plan). A and an are indefinite articles. They convey that a noun refers to an item in a nonspecific or general way (a plan).

Common nouns A noun that names a general group, place, person, or thing: dog, house.

Count noun A noun that names an item or items that can be counted: radio, streets, idea, fingernails.

Noncount nouns A noun that names a thing that cannot be counted: water, time.

Specific noun A noun understood to be exactly and specifically referred to; uses the definite article the.

Nonspecific noun A noun that refers to any of a number of identical items; it takes the indefinite articles a , an.

Very long sentences

Very long sentences are especially common in Chinese-English writing because the writers often translate directly from Chinese to English. Although, in Chinese writing it is acceptable to put several supporting ideas in on sentence to show their relationship, in English, the main idea and each supporting idea is typically written in separate sentences.

One can usually recognize a very long sentence by its length – sixty words or more. However, sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main idea. Long sentences can be avoided by

limiting each sentence to one or two topics. Semicolons should be used where the writer really wants to emphasize the relationship between ideas.

Too long According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper

puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Air-

side, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption

during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition –

temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the

parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

Correct This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a

new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new

method can monitor individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a

period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air – temperature and humidity –

of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of the inlet cooling

water provided by the chiller.

Too long The gear transmission is grade seven, the gear gap is 0.00012 radians, the gear

gap has different output values corresponding to any given input value, non-

linearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function

method, the existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the

Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used, the initial value of gear gap in the

backlash block is set to zero.9

The gear transmission is grade seven. The gear gap, which is 0.00012 radians,

has different output values corresponding to any given input value. The non-

linearity of the gear gap model can be described by using the phase function

method. The existing backlash block in the non-linear library of the

Matlab/zdimulink toolbox can be used; the initial value of gear gap in the

backlash block is set to zero. Correct

Another type of super-long sentence that frequently occurs in technical papers is that of a list. The writer wants to give a large amount of data, usually parameter values, and puts this information into one long, paragraph-sized sentence. However, the best

Too long …where m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a

massless elastic shaft, e is the eccentricity of the mass center from the

geometric center of the disk, φ is the angle between the orientation of the

eccentricity and the ξ axis, kξand kη are the stiffness coefficients in two

principal directions of shaft respectively, c is the viscous damping coefficient

of the shaft and the disk, ci is the inner damping coefficient of shaft, ω is the

rotating speed, ξs and ηs are the components of initial bend in directions of

ξ,η axes respectively: ξs=rbcosθ,ηs=rbsinθ.1

Correct

Where

m is the mass of the heavy disk mounted at the mid-span of a massless

elasticshaft,

e is the eccentricity of the mass center from the geometric center of

the disk,

φ is the angle between the orientation of the eccentricity and the ξ

axis,

kξ and kη are the stiffness coefficients in the two principal directions

of the

shaft,

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

c is the viscous damping coefficient of the shaft and the disk,

ci is the inner damping coefficient of the shaft,

ω is the rotating speed,

ξs and ηs are the components of initial bend in directions of ξ,η

axes, respectively: ξs=rbcosθ,ηs=rbsinθ.

Too long The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters; the thickness of the roof is 0.85 Clear meters; the thickness of the bottom is 0.90 meters, the overall width is 26.6 meters, the overall length of the axial cord is 304.5 meters, the length of the jacking section is about 148.8 meters; the weight of the case is about 24127 tons.3

Case clearance height 6.15 meters

Roof thickness 0.85 meters

Bottom thickness 0.90 meters

Overall width 26.6 meters

Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters Length of the jacking section Weight of the case

Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose,

location or reason first

Chinese writers often preface the main topic of a sentence by first stating the purpose, location, reason, examples and conditions as introductory elements. However, this has the effect of demoting the importance of the main idea and making the reader think the author is indirect. Bring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence stating

Incorrect For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting

Correct optimization problem in leather manufacturing. 5

This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing

for application in automobile interiors.

[5][6]

Incorrect Especially when numerical control (NC) techniques[4] are widely used in Correct industry and rapid prototype methods bring a huge economical benefits, the advantage of constructing 3D model[7][8][9] becomes extremely obvious.2

The advantage of constructing a 3D model[7][8][9] becomes extremely obvious

especially when numerical control (NC) techniques[4] are widely used in

industry and rapid prototype methods[5][6] bring a huge economical benefits.

15Incorrect Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos.

Correct The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

Incorrect In practice, we employed this approach to dispose of a wheelhouse subassembly of 16

Correct one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.

We employed this approach to dispose of a wheelhouse subassembly of one kind of auto-body, and the results show that this method is feasible.

in automotive industry production.

CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal

quality as well as assembly quality. Incorrect To ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality, CMMs are widely used 16Correct

Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a sentence

Incorrect When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 Correct are shown in Fig. 8.

Figure 8 shows the BDs for =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the

control parameter.

Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis

Incorrect Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD 4

Correct model, the extended STL format is described in this section.

The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.

with complicated surfaces.

The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models with complicated

surfaces are designed precisely. 4 Incorrect The 3D dentition defect and restoration element models are designed precisely Correct

“which/ that”

The antecedent (noun or pronoun) to which which refers is not specific, causing confusion.

Antecedent The noun or pronoun to which a pronoun refers.

‘The Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force, which is built at 1978(10680t).

Absolute truths in paleontology are often elusive, and even the filmmakers were surprised at the fierce arguments that split the scientists when an initial brainstorming session was else.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

‘Respectively’ and ‘respective’

Respectively refers back to two or more persons or things only in the order they were previously designated or mentioned. If two lists are given, respectively pairs the list

entries according to the order in which they are given. In this case the use of respectively is to allow the writer to give a lot of information without confusing the reader or writing mentioning the order must be important to the meaning of the sentence otherwise it is not used.

For example: Bobby, Nicole and Daren wore red, green and blue coats, respectively.

List 1 List 2

Bobbyworea red coat.

Nicole worea green coat.

Daren worea blue coat.

Respective to two or more persons or things only in the order they were previously designated or mentioned.

The uses of these two words are usually incorrect or confusing as in the following examples.

1. Respectively is misplaced in the sentence; it is put before the nouns to which it refers.

Incorrect Equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:……(equations given)…13

Correct Equations 2～6 can be linearized as:……(equations given)…, respectively.

Incorrect The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19

Correct The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.

2. Respectively is inserted to express that there is a certain order in which something was done. However, the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not need to be expressed because it does not add value to meaning of the sentence.

Incorrect If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are, respectively, below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if

either is, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2.

Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are, respectively, above a

certain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is, respectively,

below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.19

If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is

above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core

technology and core quality are above a certain score, then we refer to strategy Correct

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

3, otherwise, if either is below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.

Incorrect Then, the rows of vortex due to both of the long and short blades are

Correct transformed into two singularities on the ζ-plane and integrate the induced velocity along the blades respectively.20

Then, the rows of vortex due to both of the long and short blades are

transformed into two singularities on the ζ-plane and integrate the induced

velocity along the blades.

3. In addition to 2, it is unclear to what ‘respectively’ refers.

Incorrect The dynamic characteristics of a rotor with asymmetric stiffness or with initial Correct warp have been studied before respectively [1-4]

The dynamic characteristics of a rotor with asymmetric stiffness or with initial

warp have been studied before [1-4].

thermocouples respectively.

thermocouples. 17 Incorrect The inlet and outlet temperature of the air cooler were measured using two Correct

‘In this paper’, ‘in this study’

Two errors occur when these phrases are used. The first is overuse. In some papers written by Chinese, these phrases can occur as much as twice per page. In papers 1. 2. In the body of the paper, after referring to work not done by the author such as in

other journal articles or in standard.

Actually, the reader is aware that the work presented is by the author (unless the author states otherwise) so there is no reason to repeat these phrases.

The second error is more subtle. The two phrases are interchanged.

Awkward In this paper, IDEAS was used to ….

In this study, IDEAS was used to…. Correct

Awkward In the paper, a SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, it

Correct

components equivalent physical parameters are obtained by UG design and testing.9 In this study, a SZG4031 towing tractor is used as the sample vehicle, it components equivalent physical parameters are obtained by UG design and testing.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

The ‘study’ is the work the author/s did. The paper is the mode to present this work and is what the reader is holding/ reading. Keep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as ‘in this research’, and ‘this paper present’.

Numbers and Equations

Two very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals, and equations. Chinese writers usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. the beginning of sentences. Incorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.

Correct Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.

In addition, Arabic numerals are overused. Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers, however they should not be used to give general information.

Incorrect All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.

Correct All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.

This probably stems from the fact that Mandarin is a symbolic language and not

alphabetic. Thus, the writer will find it easier to write a symbol that expresses the idea instead of the word. This problem is even more serious when equations are used in place of words in a way that is not practiced by native English speakers. Consider the following examples.

Equations should be introduced as much as possible, not inserted in place of words. Most journals, like the International Journal of Production Research, discourage the use of even short expressions within the text.

Incorrect If the power battery SOC > SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the

Correct middle load,…

If the power battery SOC is greater than SOClo and the driving torque

belongs to the middle load,…

Incorrect All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C. Correct All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.

Format

Paragraphs

A paragraph is a group of sentences that develop one topic or thought.

Paragraphs are separated to indicate the end of one idea or thought and the beginning of

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

with an extra line between the two paragraphs. The latter is more typical for business writing.

Chinese students are often puzzled by separating paragraphs; the may perform one of two error. One error occurs when the writer fails to distinguish between two paragraphs. Although the new paragraph starts on a new line, there is no indentation, therefore, the reader in is not aware of the change in paragraphs or ideas. The second error occurs when a paragraph is preceded by a single sentence on a single line. The single line is indented along with the succeeding paragraph as in example #. This commonly occurs in Chinese texts but is never done in English.

‘Figure’ and ‘Table’

the abbreviation of table is rarely seen in text. One can also write fig. for figure. However, one should choose one convention and use it throughout the paper. You should not switch

Incorrect Figure.6, Figure6, Fig.6, Tbl10

Correct Figure 6, Fig. 6, Tbl. 10

Variables

Variables, especially those of the English alphabet, should be italicized in

technical papers to distinguish them from English words. Of course, this depends on the style required by the journal.

Capitals

Be careful that capitals are not in the middle of the sentence.

Incorrect In table 1, The mark…

Correct In table 1, the mark…

‘such as’ and ‘etc.’

Such as and etc. are commonly misused by Chinese-English writers. Such as incomplete list will follow; etc. means ‘and so on’ and is used at the end of a list to show it is . Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant.

Incorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly Correct focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers, and etc.11

Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly

focus on durable products such as automobile motors, and printers.

Such as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

Incorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three Correct characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation. Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three Section 2

1) Some words have identical singular and plural forms and do not need an s added on to make them plural. These words include:

literature (when referring to research)

equipment,

staff (referring to a group of people)

faculty

2) Avoid redundancy in the following types of phrases frequently used by Chinese English writers

Instead of Say Or say

Research work Research Work

Limit condition Limit condition

Knowledge memory Knowledge Memory

Sketch map Sketch map

Layout scheme Layout scheme

Arrangement plan Arrangement plan

Output performance Output performance

Simulation results results simulation

Knowledge information Knowledge information

Calculation results results calculation

Application results Results Application

different, , and number words.

Don’t write Instead write

Different node Different nodes

Various method Various methods

Two advantage Two advantages

Fifteen thermocouple Fifteen thermocouples

Fig. and 8. Instead write Figure and Eight.

5) Do not write ‘by this way’. Instead write ‘by doing this’, or ‘using this method’.

6) Never write ‘How to…’ at the beginning of a sentence. (Don’t say it ither.)

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

No How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.

Determining how to find the optimal parameter is the main objective. Yes

7) Do write ‘the results are shown in Figure 2’. Do not write ‘the results are showed as Figure 2’.

especially important when the variables are English alphabets. Write ‘The graph shows t, a, and C as a function of time’. Do not write ‘The graph shows t, a, and C as a function of time’.

Obviously, detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method.8 No 8Detecting regimes by means of PMH maps is a novel method. Yes

10) International papers should not use location dependant terms such as ‘at home’, ‘abroad’, ‘here’, ‘our country’ because the reader most likely is not Chinese and not in China. Instead, write ‘in China’.

11) Avoid overusing the phrases ‘that is to say’ and ‘namely’. Instead, try to convey your meaning in one sentence.

12) Do not use ‘too’ at the end of a written sentence, especially in a technical paper.

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

Appendix A

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

1. LIN Fushen, MENG Guang, ‘Dynamic Behavior of an Unbalanced and Warped Jeffcott

Rotor with Asymmetric Stiffness’, The State Key Lab of Vibration, Shock and Noise

Shanghai JiaotongUnversity, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China, Institute of Vibration

Engineering Northwester Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710072, CHINA, 2003

2. ZHANG Yuping, JIANG Shouwei, ‘Review and Analysis of 3D-Model Reconstruction and

Application’, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Mechanical and Dynamic Engineering, 2003

3. DU Shouji, ‘Long Distance Box-bridge Jacking Research: Report of Starting Research’,

Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shijiazhuang Municipal Traffic Project Provided a loan by World Bank, Contract number: TA3.1.4, 2003

4. ZHANG Wenqiang, YAN Heqing, HUANG Xuemei, WEI Bin, and WANG Chengtao, ‘3D

Modeling and Rapid Prototyping for Dentition Defect Restoration’, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200030, China, The Ninth People’s Hospital, Attached to Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200011, China, 2003

5. ZHANG YuPing, JIANG Shouwei, YIN Zhongwei, ‘A Generic Approach for Leather

Nesting with an Heuristic Simulated Annealing Based Genetic Algorith’, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Mechanical & Dynamic Engineering, Huashan Road 1954, Shanghai, 200030, 2003

6. HU Xin, XI JunTong, JIN Ye, ‘Shape analysis and parameterized modeling of a hip joint’,

Institute of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Post Code 200030, Shanghai, China, 2003

7. LI LiJun, JIN XianLong, LI YuanYin, WEI JinQiao, WU WeiWei, ‘A Parallel Solver for

Structural Modal Analysis’, High Performance Computing Center, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Republic of China, 2003

8. CHEN YongGuo, TIAN ZiPing, MIAO ZhengQing, ‘Application of Time-frequency

Analysis to Fluidization Regimes Recognition in Circulating Fluidized Beds’, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, P.R. China, 200240, 2003

9. REN ShaoYun, ZHANG JianWu, GAO ChangYun, ‘Modeling and Simulation Analysis of

the Torsional Vibration of a FR Driveline System’, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2003

10. WU LiJun, CHEN HuiEr, ‘Mathematical Model for on-line Prediction of Bottom and Hearth

of Blast Furnace by Particular Solution Boundary Element Method’, Department of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of China, 2003.

11. JING XueDong, ZHANG GuoQing, PU GengQiang, WANG ChengTao, XU BinShi, ZHU

Sheng, ‘Study on Architecture of Remanufacturing System’, School of Mechanical

Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, Surface Engineering Institute, Beijing, China

12. CAI XiaoPing, JIN Chen, WU JunBiao, HIRAOKA Sumito, CHEN ShaoLin, ‘Application of

Partial Singular Value Decomposition Analysis to Location of Vibration Sources of Elevator’,

1. State Key Laboratory of Vibration, Shock & Noise, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 200030, 2. Fujitec CO., Ltd. Osaka, 547-8510, Japan, 2003

13. YE Yao, LIAN ZhiWei, HOU ZhiJian, ‘Heat Exchange Analysis of Cooling Coils Based on a

Dynamic Model’, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China

14. NIU XinWen, DIN Han, XIONG YouLun, ‘Assembly Plans Generation Based on Precedence

Graphs’, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai

中国人写英文文章最常范的错误总结

200030, China, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

15. LIU ZhengHua, TONG TieFeng, ‘Critical Heat Flux of Steady Boiling for Subcooled Water

Jet Impingement on the Flat Stagnation Zone’, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China, 2003

16. WANG Jian, LIN ZhongQin, ZHANG YiZhu, ‘Matching Clearance Analysis for Sheetmetal

Assembly’, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2003

17. DENG D. Q., XU L., Experimental investigation on the performance of an air cooler under

frosting conditions, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China, 2002

18. YIN ZhongWei, JIANG ShouWei, Iso-phote based adaptive surface fitting to digitized points

and its applications in region-based tool path generation, slicing and surface triangulation, 2003

19. Manufacturing Processes of Mass Customization’, Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China, 2003

20. XU Jie and GU ChuanGang, ‘Numerical Calculation of the Flow-Field in a Centrifugal

Impeller with Splitter Blades’, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20003.

21. Zhu ZhengLi, YIN ChengLiang, ZHANG JianWu, ‘Matching and Optimization of HEV

Powertrain Based on Genetic Algorithm’, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030

.