全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

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全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

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全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

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全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

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论文中文摘要:本研究主要通过对初中彝族学生在英语学习过程中的学习策略应用情况 的调查,分析他们善于使用哪些策略、缺少或不能充分利用哪些策略,并就 英语学习策略和学习成绩之间的相关性进行分析和讨论。此外, 本研究还调 查、分析了初中彝族学生的特殊的文化背景及学

习英语的主要困难。

中文论 文摘要 (论文选 题的意 义,论文 运用的 主要研 究方法, 主要研 究成果, 主要参 考文献)

Oxford 认为,学习策略指的是学习者在语言学习中所采取的能促使学习 更成功、更有针对性的一些具体行为。Chamot 认为,学习策略是学习者在语 言学习中所采用的能促进学习的技巧、方法及有意识的行为。Ellis 指出,策 略的选用会影响学习的结果, 而学习的结果又反过来影响策略的使用。 Nunan 认为,学习策略的训练很重要,它不但影响学生的学习动机,还影响学生对 学习策略的认识及使用。文秋芳指出,学习策略直接影响到学习的结果,不 断地调整学习策略是成功的语言学习的关键因素。 我国教育部在 2001 年颁布 的《全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿) 》中也明确指出学 习策略是学生综合语言运用能力的一个重要组成部分,是提高学习效率、发 展自主学习能力的保证。 在前人的研究成果的基础上,本研究通过实地听课观察、问卷调查、访 谈师生及对两次测试成绩的分析,对初中彝族学生在英语学习过程中的学习 策略应用情况进行了研究,得出了以下结果: 1. 总的说来,初中彝族学生更善于使用元认知策略和社会/情感策略,但 是他们不善于使用认知策略,大部分学生都不经常使用翻译策略。

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

2. 初中彝族学生的元认知策略和社会/情感策略的使用与他们的英语学 习成绩密切相关。因此,能否经常地、有效地使用元认知策略和社会/情感策 略是影响他们的英语学习成绩的因素之一。 3. 中、英文在语音、语法、词汇和文化背景方面的差异是初中彝族学生 在英语学习中的主要障碍。此外,经济条件差也是他们学习中的一大困难。 4. 初中彝族学生普遍内向、羞怯,不大喜欢开口,并且对策略的应用不 太灵活,缺乏创新,但他们刻苦、学习动机强。 上述研究结果表明:元认知策略和社会/情感策略在学习的过程中起着重要的 作用,然而,只有当把它们与认知策略结合起来使用时才能取得最佳的效果, 英语语言本身的知识及学习策略方面的知识在教与学当中都是同等重要 的。 因此,教师应当培养学生优化学习策略的意识并在平常的教学中重视英 语学习策略方面的指导和训练,帮助学生获得良好的学习策略并养成良好的 学习习惯。教师在平常的教学中要充分考虑到彝族学生特殊的文化背景及个 体因素,尽量多组织师生互动活动,让他们有机会参与到活动中去。此外还 应该对他们多加鼓励,以增强他们学习的自信心。 最后要说明的是,尽管学习策略有助于提高学习效率,但它毕竟不是万能 的,它

最终还是不能取代语言学习本身,因此,英语学习要取得成功,除了 会应用有效的学习策略外,首先还是离不开自身的勤奋努力,教师在向学生 说明学习策略的重要性及进行策略训练时要正确引导,以防学生形成“学习 英语不必下苦工夫,可以走捷径”的心理。

References(主要参考文献) (主要参考文献) :

Brown, A.L., and Palincsar, A.S. 1982. Inducing strategies learning from texts by means of informed, self-control training. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities 2(1). Brown, A.L., Bransford, J. O., Ferrara, R. A., and Campione, J. C. 1983. Learning, remembering, and understanding. In J. H. Flavell and M.Markman (Eds.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology (Vol.3.pp.77-166). New York: Wiley Ellis,R.1994. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford University

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

Press. http://.2006-3-6 http:///destination/show/show_city.asp?pid=56&id=245 Liu Qiongzhen. 2005. Teaching Yi Students reading Comprehension in Senior Middle School: A Pragmatic Approach. Unpublished dissertation for the degree of Master of Education. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University. Luo Yan. 2005. A Study of learning Strategy for ESP—Focusing on Computer English in Vocational Schools. Unpublished dissertation for the degree of Master of Education. Kunming: Yunnan Normal University. Naiman, N., Frohlich, M., Stern, H.H., and Todesco, A. 1978. The good

Language learner. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Nunan, D. 1999. Second Language Teaching and Learning. USA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Nunan, D. 2002. The Impact of English as a global Language on Educational Policies and Practices in the Asia-Pacific Region. TESOL Quarterly, 589-613. O’Malley, J.M., and Chamot, A.U. 1990.Learning strategies in Second Language Acquisition . Cambridge University Press. Oxford, R. 1990. Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. Rubin, J. 1981. Study of cognitive process in second language learning. Applied Linguistics. 11:117-31. Rubin, J., and Thompson, I. 1982. How to be a more successful language learner. Boston, Mass.: Heinle & Heinle. Rubin, J. 1987. Learner Strategies: theoretical assumption, research history and typology in Wenden and Rubin (eds.) 1987. Stern, H. 1975. What can we learn from the good language learner? Canadian Modern Language Review, 31:304- 318. Wen Qiufang. 2001. Applied Linguistics : Research Methods and Thesis Writing. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 陈琳, 王蔷, 程晓堂. 《全日制义务教育 英语课程标准解读 (实验稿) . 北 》

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

京师范大学出版社,2002. 楚雄市教育局.《楚雄市民族教育工作情况汇报》. 2005 年 7 月 22 日. 戴炜栋,束定芳.“外语交际中的交际策略研究及其理论意义”. 外国语. 1994, (6). 龚少英. “我国学习策略研究的现状与问

题”. 心理科学. 2003, (1). 乐莉. “第二语言习得过程中成功语言学习者的学习策略研究”. 黑龙江高教研 究. 2004, (7). 黎华. “少数民族大学生英语学习策略调查与分析”. 民族教育研究. 2005,(2). 李月林. “少数民族学生英语学习的特殊性研究” . 西南民族大学学报人文社 科版. 2003, (8), pp.334-336. 刘 翃. “少数民族学生英语学习情况调查报告”. 西南民族大学学报 人文社科 版. 2003, (10), pp.334-335. 刘润清,胡壮麟主编, 韩宝成编著. 《外语教学科研中的统计方法》. 外语教 学与研究出版社. 2000. 马广惠. “高分组学生与低分组学生在学习策略上的差异研究”. 外语界. 1997, (2), pp.38-40. 秦晓晴. “第二语言学习策略研究的理论和实践意义”. 外语教学, 1996, (4), pp.13-18. 赛丹, 陈洁, 张晓燕. “英语学习策略与学习成绩的相关研究——高职高专学 生英语学习策略问卷调查报告” . 昆明冶金高等专科学校学报. 2002, (9). 王颖. “学习策略研究评述”. 北华大学学报. 2003, (4). 王颖等.“初中学生学习策略发展特点”. 健康心理学杂志.2003, (6). 文秋芳. “英语学习成功者与不成功者在方法上的差异” .外语教学与研究.1995, (3). 文秋芳.《英语学习策略论》. 上海外语教育出版社,1996. 吴增生.“值得重视的‘学习者策略’的研究”. 现代外语, 1994,(3), pp.22— 26. 杨端和.《语言研究应用 SPSS 软件实例大全》. 中国社会科学出版社,2004. 杨丽兰. “初中生英语学习策略的现状调查与分析”. 内蒙古师范人学学报(教

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

教学要说明具体方向,如学科教学(数学)。本表可复印、附页。

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

分类号 密级

UDC 编号

教育硕士专业学位研究生学位论文

论文题目:An Empirical Study of the Yi Students’

English Learning Strategies in Junior Middle

Schools of Chuxiong

一项对楚雄州初中彝族学生英语

学习策略的实证研究

学 院 外语学院

专业名称 学科教学(英语)

研究方向

研究生姓名 周 莉 学号 02200208034

导 师 姓名 段洁云 职称 副教授

2006 年 9月 20 日

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

独创性声明

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。

学位论文作者签名:

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本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权云南师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。

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全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

An Empirical Study of the Yi Students’ English Learning

Strategies in Junior Middle Schools of Chuxiong

一项对楚雄州初中彝族学生英语学习策略的实证研究

Written By

Zhou Li

Supervised By

Associate Professor Duan Jieyun

DISSERTATION

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF EDUCATION

in English Education

Yunnan Normal University

Kunming, P.R. China

September 2006

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

Table of Contents

Contents Page Table of contents …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. ….i List of tables and figures ……………………………. ….………………v Conventions and abbreviations………………………. ….…………… vi Acknowledgements…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. vii Statement of authorship…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. ….ix Abstract ( in English) …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. x Abstract ( in Chinese) …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. xiii

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Introduction to the study ……………………………………………1

1.2 Statement of the problems ………………………………………… 1

1.2.1 The drawbacks of the present theoretical outcomes ………………1

1.2.2 The Yi students’ special background………………………………2

1.2.3 The present situation of English language teaching for the Yi

students in Chuxiong…………………………………………………… 4

1.3 Rationale of the study ……………………………………………… 5

1.4 Objectives of the study………………………………………………6

1.5 Significance of the study……………………………………………6

1.6 Outline of the thesis …………………………………………………7

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………8

i

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

2.2 Definitions of learning strategies ………………………………… 8

2.3 Categories of learning strategies : an overview …………………9

2.4 Summary ………………………………………………………………14

Chapter Three Methodology

3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………… 16

3.2 Specific research questions ……………………………………… 16

3.3 Participants……………………………………………………………17

3.4 Sampling ………………………………………………………… 17

3.5 Instruments …………………………………………………………. 18

3.5.1 Questionnaire …………………………………………………. …. 18

3.5.2 Interviews ……………………………………………………….. 18

3.5.3 English scores of two tests …………………………………………18

3.5.4 Classroom observations ……………………………………………18

3.6 Data collection procedures ………………………………………. 19

3.6.1 Subject selection ……………………………………………………19

3.6.2 Classroom observations ……………………………………………19

3.6.3 Questionnaire design ………………………………………………20

3.6.4 Pilot study ………………………………………………………….20

3.6.5 Delivery of the questionnaire ………………………………………20

3.6.6 Interviews ………………………………………………………….21

3.7 Data analysis………………………………………………………… 21

3.7.1 Validity of data ……………………………………………………..21

3.7.2 Quantitative analysis of the data ……………………………………22

3.7.3 Qualitative analysis of the data ………………………………… …23

3.8 Summary ………………………………………………………………23

ii

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

Chapter Four Results and Discussions

4.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………24

4.2 Category framework of learning strategies in this study ………24

4.3 Results and discussions about the quantitative research ………25

4.3.1 Correlation between beliefs and learning results………. ………… 25

4.3.1.1 Results of the Pearson Correlation analysis …. …………… 25

4.3.1.2 Findings….26

4.3.2 Differences between beliefs of high-achievers and low-achievers…26

4.3.2.1 Results of the Independent Samples Test…………………… .26

4.3.2.2 Discussions and implications…. …………………………… 27

4.3.3 Correlation between learning strategies and learning results……….27

4.3.3.1 Results of the Pearson Correlation analysis ……………….. 27

4.3.3.2 Discussions………………………………………………… 29

4.3.4 Differences between strategy application of high-achievers

and low-achievers . ... …………………………………………………29

4.3.4.1 Results of the Independent Samples Test…. …………………29

4.3.4.2 Discussions……. …………………………………………… 30

4.3.5 Comprehensive analysis of the Yi students’ strategy application ….30

4.3.5.1 Descriptive statistics of each strategy category ….. …………30

4.3.5.2 Findings ………………………………………………………31

4.3.6 The Yi students’ main difficulties in English learning………………31

4.3.6.1 Frequency distribution and description of the difficulties ……31

4.3.6.2 Results of the Pearson Correlation …………………………..31

4.3.6.3 Conclusions …………………………………………………..32

4.4 Results and discussions about the qualitative research…………32

4.4.1 Results of individual interviews for teachers…………………………32

4.4.2 Results of individual interviews for students…………………………32

iii

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

4.4.3 Summary of difficulties in learning………………………………… .33

4.4.4 Findings and discussions……………………………………………. 35

4.5 Summary………………………………………………………………..35 Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1Introduction…………………………………………………………..36

5.2 Major findings from the study……………………………………36

5.2.1 Findings on strategy application of the Yi students ………………36

5.2.2 Findings on the correlation between the Yi students’ strategy

application and learning results …… ………………………. …...36

5.2.3 Findings on the Yi students’ difficulties in English learning………36

5.3 Implications…………………………………………………………..37 5.3.1 Theoretical implications …………………………………………..37

5.3.2 Methodological implications………………………………………37

5.3.3 Practical implications………………………………………………38

5.3.4 Pedagogical implications…………………………………………. 38

5.4 Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research…39

References……........................................................................................... 40 Appendix 1 Questionnaire …………………………………………… .43 Appendix 2 Individual interview for students …………………….. 47 Appendix 3 Individual interview for teachers………………………48 Appendix 4 Transcription of individual interviews for teachers…49 Appendix 5 Transcription of individual interviews for students…52 Appendix 6 Tables and figures in quantitative analysis……………62

iv

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

List of Tables and Figures

Table 2.1: Definitions of learning strategies ……………………………….8 Table 2.2: O’Malley and Chamot’s categories of learning strategies …….12 Table 2.3: Oxford’s classification of learning strategies ………………….12

Table 3.1: Summary of classroom observations …………………………..19 Fig. 3.2: Frequency distribution of the first test …………………………. 22

Table 4.1: A table for checking questionnaire items within each category ..24 Table 4.2: Correlation between beliefs and learning results ………………25 Table 4.3: Frequency distribution of beliefs No.4, 5, 9 and 19 ……………62 Table 4.4: Descriptive statistics of low-achievers and high-achievers …….26

Table 4.5: Correlation between learning strategies and learning results …..28 Table 4.6: Frequency distribution of strategies No.3, 6 and 12 ……………63 Table 4.7: Frequency of strategies No.13, 15, 16 and 18 ………………….28

Table 4.8: Significance value of strategy No.12 ………………………….. 29 Table 4.9: Summary of strategy application of each category …………… 30 Table 4.10: Descriptive statistics of each strategy category ……………. 64

Fig. 4.11: Frequency distribution of the main difficulties …………….... 65

Table 4.12: Interpretation of difficulties in English learning …………… .. 31

Table 4.13: Description of learning difficulties ………………………… .. 32

Table 4.14: Summary of Part One: background ………………………….. 33 Table 4.15: Summary of Part Two: beliefs ………………………………. 33 Table 4.16: Summary of learning difficulties ……………………………. 34 Table 4.17: Summary of Part Three: learning strategies ………………….34

v

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

Conventions and Abbreviations

SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science

Sig. significance

Std. Dev standard deviation

Fig.

S1

T1

Ss

No. figures student 1 teacher 1 students number

vi

全国优秀教育硕士专业学位论文

Acknowledgments

The preparation for the degree and the completion of this thesis first owe immense thanks to School of Foreign Languages, Yunnan Normal University. Thus, as the final version of this thesis makes its appearance after three and a half years of hard work, the author feels it necessary to acknowledge all those who have contributed during this endeavor.

I would like to express my cordial gratitude to Associate Prof. Duan Jieyun, my supervisor, for her incisive instruction during my undergraduate years, from which I benefited a lot. Moreover, I’d like to thank her for her warm encouragement and enlightening suggestions during the course of my thesis writing, and also for her timely help and her efforts to proofread my thesis. All these are indispensable to the completion of this paper.

My sincere thanks also go to Prof. Huo Yongshou for his trust, encouragement and persistent help during years of study in my undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and also for his valuable suggestions to my thesis writing.

Special thanks are then due to Associate Prof. Li Shaoling for her enlightening and valuable suggestions, timely help and warm encouragement, and also for her efforts to proofread my thesis.

I also wish to thank Prof. Yang Duanhe for his insightful and enlightening instruction of the statistical knowledge about the advanced software, SPSS, which helped me a lot in the analysis of the data collected in this study.

For their wonderful lectures and various acts of help during my studies, I am deeply indebted to the following professors: Prof. Liu Shoulan, Prof. He Changyi, Prof. Huo Yongshou (again), Prof. Li Lisheng, Prof. Yang Duanhe (again), Prof. Yuan Yichuan, Prof. Liu Hanyu, Prof. Zhang Keqin and Associate Prof. Li Shaoling (again).

My special thanks also go to Associate Prof. Liu Kaifu, Dean of English

vii

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