英语否定句的翻译 英语被动句的汉译

英语否定句的翻译——反译法 英译汉中的正传反 英译汉中的反转正 英语被动句的汉译 九种倒装形式

1.1. Translate the following sentences:

(1) “Don’t stop working,” he said. 他说，“继续干活吧。” (2) He went into the insecure building. 他走进那所危楼。 (3)He knew he was mortally ill. 他知道自己得的是不治之症。 (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

1.2.Definition正面和反面表达主要是指在英语里是否用no, not 或者带有否定前缀如de-,dis-,im-,in-,un-,-less的词， 在汉语里是否用“不”、“非”、“无”、“没 有”、“未”、“否”等字。 在英译汉过程中，我们常常遇到这样一种情况， 即原词所表达的并不是其字面意义，而是其字面 意义的反义，或者说是对其字面意义的否定，可 这种否定又往往不出现否定词，这种情况并不很 少，给翻译工作带来很大的麻烦。 ① riot police 防暴警察(即 anti-riot police ) ② crisis law 反危机法案(即 anti-crisis law )

1.3. 英译汉中的正转反：

动词 The first bombs missed the target. 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。 Such a chance was denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。 副词 We may safely say so. 我们这样说错不了。 A: The boy is quite clever. B: Exactly. 甲：这孩子很聪明。 乙：一点不错。

He is not stupid, merely ignorant. 他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而已。 It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out. 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。 The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释是相当不充实的。

介词 This problem is above me. 这个问题我不懂。 It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 These planes were held back to protect the enemy’s home islands instead of being used where they were badly needed. 这些飞机被留在后方保卫敌人本岛，未 用于其他急需的地方。

连接词 The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而绝不投降。 名词 This failure was the making of him. 这次不成功是他成功的基础。 By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed cause for new anxiety. 大约到六点半，大家对飞机、卡车和坦克的声音已经 很习以为常了。但是附近一些轻

微的爆炸声似乎造成 了新的不安。

短语 The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。 Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. 双方认为，那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而不失体 面的建议。

We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我们相信，年青一代将不会辜负我们的 信任。 When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do. 菲利普误了最后一班公共汽车，茫然不 知该怎么办。 Everyone has the right to be free from hunger. 人人有不挨饿的权利。

句子 If it worked once, it can work twice. 一次得手，再次不愁。 He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 他七十五了，可是并不显老。

My guess is as good as yours.我的猜测并不比你的高明。 The decision has to come. 决定还没有做出。 Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. 男人们很聪明，他们不会上时装设计者们的当。

1.4. 英译汉中的反转正：

(一)动词 I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded. 一天我和他乘车转了一转，看看船如何卸货。 The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。

(二)副词 He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. 他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。 Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably. 许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子 的。

(三)形容词 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 (四)名词 It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 据说有人在他们中间搞挑拨离间。 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。

(五)短语

Don’t lose time in posting this letter.赶快把这封信寄出去。 Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。 (六)句子

The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.这些事件引起了我们的重视。

Such flights couldn’t long escape notice.这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。

(七)双重否定 There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。

Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing newdepths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens. 美国公民科盲日益严重

,这种调查报告 几乎月月都有。

2.1 Passive Voice in the English LanguageEnglish passive voice is used to indicate an unknown subject, for the purpose of emphasis, or for the sake of stylistic device. 1) When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated, for example: We are kept strong and well by clean air. 清洁的空气使我们身体健康。 2) When the actor is known but need not be mentioned, Visitors are requested no to touch the exhibits. 观众请勿触摸展品。