2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

第一篇 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found

The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.

Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8.It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.

The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.

The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.

Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

注释：

1.World Health Organization (WHO):世界卫生组织 2.Harvard University ( = Harvard)：(美国）哈佛大学 3.DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course):短期直接观察治疗 4.Global Alliance for TB Drug Development:全球结核病药物开发联盟

练习：

1. A. kidneys B. lungs C. bones D. livers

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

2. A. with B. without C. of D. out of 3. A. increased B. decreased C. changed D. disappeared 4. A. make B. take C. try D. test 5. A. as if B. as though C. as far as D. as soon as 6. A. refer B. apply C. lead D. amount 7. A. effective B. ineffective C. expensive D. inexpensive 8. A. cured B. to cure C. being cured D. having been cured 9. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer 10.A. provided B. introduced C. tested D. tempted 11.A. bring about B. contributed to C. promote D. prevent 12.A. increases B. reductions C. creations D. collections 13.A. developed B. invented C. delayed D. refused 14. A. easy B. uneasy C. sure D. unsure 15. A. with B. to C. onto D. into

答案与题解：

1.B结核病多发于肺部,这是一般的常识。

2. C die of意思是“死于某种疾病”，其他三个介词都不与die搭配。

3.A本句后半部说到艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现,那么根据推理,结核病自然应该增加,而不可能“减少”或“消失”。至于“变化”,不应该是结核病本身发生变化,而应该是发病率发生变化。

4.B从本句的前后句可以推测到本句想说的是“病人每天必须服用几种抗生素药物”，而服药只能选择take,其他几个动词都不合适。

5.D答题时请注意句首的But这个词,显然与上句意思发生转折,而四个选项中as if、as though都是“仿佛,宛如”的意思，as far as则是“至于……,就……而言”的意思,填在这里均不合适,只有as soon as (“一……就……”）才恰当。

6. C本空白处后面有介词to,虽然这几个选项均可与to连用,但意思各不相同:refer to:“谈及”，“参考”；apply to:“接洽”，“适用于”；lead to:“导致”；amount to:“合计,总共达……”，只有选择lead才能使本句意思完整、准确。

7.A只要用心注意上面那句话就可以很容易地找到答案,显然本句想说“现在有一项新的研究想评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大”。

8. A本句考查的是语法。根据所给的动词,我们可以猜到本句想说的是“Joshua Salomon 说,疗程较短的治疗计划可能意味着不仅仅是更多病人被治好”。这里从语法分析,应该是缺一个定语修饰patients。cure是一个及物动词,病人应是被治疗者。B项to cure不能表示被动;C和D虽然有表示被动的意思,但是C是“正在被治疗”，D是“已经被治疗”，二者隐含的时态在这里均不合适,只有A才是恰当的。

9.D前句说到更多病人可以被治愈,根据推理,后句应该是“将感染传递给别人的传染病人就会更少”，因为前后两句实际上具有因果关系。这里必须用比较级fewer,因为few是表示“不多的,几乎没有的”（=not many),而fewer则只是与以前比较“更少”，并没有明确多少。

10.C只有填C项tested (“检验”)才能符合上下文意思,其他三项不仅词义不合适,词的用法也不对。

11.D空白处的上一句实际上起到提示作用两个月的治疗方案可以防止大约20%的新病例”，后句自然应是“也可能防止大约20%的结核病死亡”。其他三个选项词义均相反。

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

12.B上面两句说到“可以防止大约20%的新病例和可能防止大约20%的死亡”，这自然是“降低”，绝不可能是“增加”,更不是“创作品”、“收藏品”。

13.A空白处的上一句实际上也起到提示作用,可以推测,本句应该是“制订DOTS计划”，而四个选项中只有A项有“制订”的意思,计划也不可能是“发明”，从上下文分析,更不可能是“推迟”或“拒绝”。

14.C DOTS计划土中就包含“直接观察”的意思,本句中也说到“卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药”，目的自然是要“确信他们继续治疗”,C项make sure正是“确信”的意思。

15.D research 后面常用on 或into,偶尔也用for 或after,例如:a research for/after facts (对事实的调查），但不与其他三个选项连用。

译文：第一篇 找到速效治疗可以更好控制结核病

世界卫生组织估计全球大约三分之一的人感染类导致结核病的病菌。大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。但是每年大约有800万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。200万人因此丧命。结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。

目前的治疗至少需要6个月。患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。

研究者们设计类一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20%的新病例，也可能防止大约25%因结核病引起的死亡。这个模型表明，如果速效治疗可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。

世界卫生组织在1990年制订类DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。

今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布类一项扩大DOTS的计划。这个十年计划也旨在自助新结核药品的研究。现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史类。全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就有效果。

第二篇 A Biological Clock

Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells __1__ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells __2__ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away，and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.

Events outside the plant and animal __3__ the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur __4__ the number of hours of daylight. In the short __5__ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.

Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration __6__ twice each year. Birds __7__ flying become restless when it is time for the trip， __8__ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.

Scientists say they are beginning to learn which __9__ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain __10__ to control the timing of some of our actions. These __11__ tell a person when to __12__ ，when to sleep and when to seek food . Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.

Dr. Moorhead is studying __13__ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.

__14__ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said __15__ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production,

词汇：

biological adj.生物(学）的 insect n.昆虫 cocoon n.防护卵袋，茧 fur n.软毛

注释：

1. 本句中谓语动词tells的宾语由两部分组成。第一部分是when to form flowers，是带疑问副词的动词不定式，第二部分是when the flowers should open,是名词从句。从修辞上说，两者有些不平衡。

2. …the way we do our work 可以理解为 the way in which we do our work 或 the way that we do our work.实际上，三种说法都成立。如：

He speaks English the way the English people do.

I don’t understand the way in which he dealt with the matter.

3. take作“花费，花去”解时可用于几种不同的句型：

It will take me five days to complete the work.

The work will take me five days to complete.

To complete this work will take me five days.

练习：

1. A. scientists B. humans C. plants D. animals

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

2. A. insects B. birds C. fish D. snakes 3. A. effect B. affect C. effected D. affected 4. A. because B. for the reason that C. because of D. since 5. A. months B. days C. minutes D. weeks 6. A. flight B. fly C. movement D. transportation 7. A. prevented from B. ordered by C. helped by D. intruded on 8. A. and B. but C. therefore D. however 9. A. portions B. parts C. sections D. kinds 10. A. try B. tries C. seem D. seems 11. A. things B. parts C. cells D. actions 12. A. awaken B. woke C. awakening D. wake-up 13. A. how B. why C. where D. what 14. A. We B. It C. They D. You 15. A. so B. with C. such D. if

答案与题解：

1. C 从后半句 When to form flowers and when the flowers should open 知道，只有 plants 才有花。前面没有定冠词修饰的plants是泛指植物这一大类，与动物类相对应。

2. A 后面出现的 when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away 提示我们，唯有选 insects 才是正确的，因为只有insects才有protective cocoons,而birds、fish和snakes都没有。

3. B affect作为动词是“影响”的意思，而effect作为动词则是“使发生;使生效”的意思。这里谈论的是动植物生物钟的一般情况，所以使用动词的一般现在时。

4. C这里应使用介词短语，因为其后是名词。because和since都有“因为”的意思，但它们都是连词，用来引导原因状语从句,如:

He will not come because he is ill.

Since he is ill, he will not come.

for the reason that后接句子，所以也不是答案。

5. B 根据下句中的 in the longer hours of daylight in summer 和上句中的 the number of hours of daylight,以及该段的中心意思，可以判断，应选择B,因为冬天日短夜长,夏天则反之。

6. A本句中有birds，migration这些词，下一句又谈及迁徙飞行前的躁动不安，就知道应该填词义为“飞行”的名词。fly是动词，不能选择;其他两个选项也都不合适。flight是fly的名词形式，所以是合适的选择。

7. A该句句子的主干是：主语birds,谓语become restless。所以，所填的词是过去分词，修饰 birds。从上下文表达的意思判断,ordered by (被命令)、helped by (被帮助）和intruded on(被强加）都不匹配，只有prevented from是合适的选择。

8. B很明显，这里需使用连词，连接该句中平行的两个分句。而根据整个句子的句意，上半句和下半句形成反差对比：become restless when the time of the flight has ended，所以应选择but,表示相反的两层意思。

9. B portion是“一定数量;一份”, section是“切下的部分”，kind是“种类”，都不符合上下文意思连贯的要求。唯有B是正确的选项。

10. D不能选择C,因为主语是group,而不是cells，所以要采用动词的第三人称单数形式 seems A和B不符合常识。

11. C These 一词说明，其后的名词是上文已经提到的某些事物，即cells。从下文中可

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

以看出，尽管actions —词也在上文中出现,但该词不符合句意。选项A和B意思不准确。

12. A该句中的三个宾语都是带疑问副词的动词不定式，所以都要用动词原形。awaken是唯一合适的选择，woke是wake的一般过去形式,awakening是形容词,wake-up是名词。

13. A studying后面是一个从句作它的宾语,而从句起首处应有个连词。把C或D填入空格 上下文意思不连贯。根据下文的例子，作者讨论的不是生物钟为什么会影响我们的工作， -而是生物钟如何影响我们的工作。所以，how是正确的选择。 14. B从句子结构中不难看出，to accept the major change in work hours是实际上的主语，而此 处需要一个形式主语，所以只能选择It。

15. C该句中的understanding既然是上句中提到的better understanding, C便是最佳的选项。其他三个选项均不符合语法。

参考译文：第二篇 生物钟

每一种生物都有控制它们行为的时钟，科学家们称之为生物钟。生物钟告诉植物的花朵何时生长，何时开放；生物钟告诉昆虫何时离开防护卵袋，远远飞去；生物钟还告诉动物和人类何时进食、睡眠，何时苏醒。

外界的变化会影响某些动植物的生物钟。例如，科学家最近发现，有一种很小的动物，会随着白天日照时间的长短改变其毛发的颜色。冬季日照时间短，它的毛变成白色。夏季白天日照时间长，它的毛又变成棕灰色。

还有的生物，它们的生物钟受体内信号控制。德国的科学家发现，鸟类体内的某种生物钟迫 使它们每年做两次长距离迁移。那些被迫不能迁移的鸟，当迁移时间到来时，会显得烦躁不安，而当这段时间过后，它们又恢复了平静。

科学家们指出，他们开始探索大脑内部的哪些部位存在生物钟。一位美国的研究员，马丁? 莫亥德（Martin Moorhead)曾指出，好像是人脑前部的一小群细胞控制着人体的行为。这些细胞控制着人体睡眠、苏醒和觅食的时间。另外，科学工作者推测，可能还有另外的生物钟细胞控制人体的其他行为。

目前，莫亥德博士正在研究生物钟对人们工作方面的影响。比如，如果经常改变工作时间， 绝大多数人会感觉不适应。要适应工作时间上的较大变动，可能需要相当长一段日子。莫亥德博士说，工厂的领导应该对生物钟有进一步的了解，懂得生物钟对工人的影响，如此则会减少工作 中的不适和事故，对提高生产大有裨益。

第三篇 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live

It’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980，when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it — one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?

____1____reality, of course, it was naive to____2____that everyone would let____3____of such a potent potential weapon.1 Undoubtedly several nations still have____4____vials.

___5_____the last “official” stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

Russia,2____6____no obvious gain.

Now American researchers have___7_____an animal model of the human disease, opening the____8____for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again there’s a good reason to____9____the virus —just in____10____the disease puts in a reappearance.

How do we____11____with the mistrust of the US and Russia?____12____Keep the virus_____13___international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t____14____the idea is wrong. If the virus____15____useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity — not just a part of it

词汇：

注释：

1. In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potent potential weapon.当然,想象每个人都会放弃这样一种有效的潜在的武器事实上是幼稚的。

2. And the last “official”stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia...:美俄最后的“官方”活病毒储备引起大家对这两个国家的不信任。

练习：

1.A. In B. On C. At D. For 2.A. know B. imagine C. realize D. be aware 3.A. to go B. going C. go D. went 4.A. much B. more C. most D. a few 5.A. And B. While C. Whereas D. Although 6. A. since B. for C. because D. of 7. A. looked for B. sought C. found D. talked about 8. A. method B. road C. street D. way 9. A. keep B. put C. destroy D. eradicate 10. A. need B. case C. necessity D. time smallpox /'sm??lp?ks/ n.天花 cap /kaep/vt.结束;覆盖 killer /'k?l?/ n.杀死物;杀人者 potent /'p??t(?)nt/ adj.有效力的;强有力的 vial /'va??l/ n.小瓶 mistrust /m?s'tr?st/ n.不信任，怀疑 auspices /'??sp?s?z/ n.赞助;支持

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

11. A. handle B. tackle C. deal D. treat 12. A. Difficult B. Hard C. Safe D. Simple 13. A. under B. in C. on D. for 14. A. say B. mean C. state D. declare 15. A. will be B. would be C. is D. are

答案与题解：

1.A inreality:“实际上,事实上”。这是固定的说法。

2.B此处应填入一个非事实性动词。imagine是非事实性动词。know, realize和be aware 都是事实性动词,所以不合适。属于非事实性动词还有believe, think等。

3.C let跟动词原形,go符合这一原则。

4.D vials是复数，much不合适。另外,本句和上文都没有比较的意思,因此more和most也都不合适。

5.A上一句句末的标点符号表明本句是一个独立的句子。只有and可用于一个独立的句子,其他的选项都不可以。

6.B整个句子说的是美俄“官方”保存的最后的活病毒储备由于不能带来明显的好处而引起大家对这两个国家的不信任。no obvious gain是名词短语。for可跟名词短语,表示原因。because不跟名词短语。since可跟名词短语,但跟表示时间的名词短语。of可跟名词短语,但常表示“所属”关系。

7.C opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines: “为试验新的治疗方法和新的疫苗开辟了道路”。这是句子的下半部分。可以看出,上半部分所描写的model应该是实际上存在的。此处应该用found。它是外延动词,表示model是存在的。looked for和sought是内涵动词。它们引起的名词短语并不一定有外延。因此是不合适的。talked about 是“谈论”的意思。用在这里,也是不妥的。

8.D open the way是一种固定的说法,意思是“为某事的发生创造了条件”。类似的说法还有：clear the way, prepare the way 等。

9.A keep the vims是“保存病毒”的意思。put the virus是不正确的,后面必须有地点状语。如:You can put the virus in a bottle, destroy the virus 和eradicate the virus 都是“消灭病毒”的意思,跟后半句话在意思上是矛盾的。

10. B in case是固定的说法,意思是“万一”。整个句子说的是:因此,又有了一个保存病毒的理由——万一这种病卷土重来。

11.C这几个选项意思差不多,但只有deal可跟with搭配。

12.D从紧随其后的句子来看,用simple是正确的。difficult, hard和safe都跟后面的句子在意思上不连贯。

13.A under the auspices是固定的说法,意思是“赞同”、“支持”。

14.B It doesn’t mean that...是一种固定的表达法。也可以说：It doesn’t mean to say that...

15.C本句是个条件句。从句中动词一般用现在时表示“未来”。这就排除了will be和would be。virus是单数,因此D也不正确。

译文：一个让天花存在的好理由

目前很可能我们永远都不会看到天花的彻底绝迹。这个观念掩盖了1980年光辉成就，那

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

时消灭了最后两个拥有这种致命病毒的实验室的病毒后，四处蔓延的天花已经被根除了。那两个实验室，一个在美国，一个在俄国。如果天花真的在这个星球上消失了，那么保留这些储备的意义何在？

当然，事实上想像每个人都会放弃这样一种有效的潜在的武器是幼稚的。无疑，几个国家仍旧有几瓶。美俄最后的“官方”的活病毒储备引起大家对这两个国家的不信任，因为并没有获得明显的收获。

现在美国研究者们发现了人类疾病的动物版，为试验新的治疗方法和新的疫苗开辟了道路。因此，再次存在着一个保存病毒的理由——万一这种病卷土重来。

我们怎样应付对美国和俄国的不信任呢？很简单。把病毒放在国际赞助的、被严密监视和向所有国家开放的联合国实验室中。针对的对象当然是美国，因为它反对任何事务的多边化。但是这并不意味着这个想法是错的。如果病毒是有用的，那么让我们把它变成全人类的奴仆——而不是一部分人的。

第四篇 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers

Diet is second only to1 tobacco as a leading____1____of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease____2____developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.

Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to____3____，but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity____4____a major role.

“Five percent of cancers could be avoided____5____nobody was obese,” he said.

While tobacco is linked to about 30____6____of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol____7____about six percent.

Obesity raises the____8____of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver. Its dangerous impact is____9____when combined with smoking.

Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK_____10___other elements of diet linked to cancer are____11____unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some____12____.

Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the the____13____consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while lta1y and Spain have the highest. Eating at____14____five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.

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Key , principal scientist on EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers____15____colorecta1, breast and prostate.

练习：

1.A.course B. cause C. court D. reason 2.A.on B. up C. in D. down 3.A.cancer B. health C. disease D. man 4.A.dance B. turn C. take D. play 5.A.while B. if C. unless D. since 6.A.percent B. countries C. people D. number 7.A.at B. in C. of D. for 8.A.risk B. degree C. presence D. place 9.A.reduced B. increased C. mysterious D. seen 10.A.whether B. why C. that D. if 11.A.still B. also C. although D. however 12.A.decisions B. questions C. answers D. needs 13.A.lowest B. enough C. daily D. perfect 14.A.home B. most C. least D. best 15.A.causing B. including C. illustrating D. defining

答案与题解：

1.B从文章的题目可以得知,文章的主要内容涉及饮食、酒精与癌症的关系。不难看出,文章一开头讲的就是饮食是导致癌症的主要原因之一,吸烟排名第一,饮食紧跟其后。

2.C此处要表达的意思是“在发达国家里”。

3.A既然文章主要涉及饮食、酒精与癌症的关系,因此,此处应选“癌症”一词。

4.D从接下来的“角色”一词,便可得知此处应选能与之搭配的“扮演”一词。

5.B前一句讲到,饮食、喝酒与肥胖在癌症发生的过程中扮演重要角色,此句应为虚拟句,表示假设。

6.A从句子的主句不难看出,此处表示的是百分之多少的意思。

7.B此处应该填一个与前面介词in一样的介词。

8.A显然,此处要表示的意思是肥胖增加患某些类癌症的危险。

9.B 一个人既喝酒,又吸烟,那酒精的害处应该是增加的。

10.C此处应选能引导宾语从句的连接词。

11.A此处要表示的意思是“仍旧不得而知”。

12.C从前面提到的“仍旧不得而知,但是科学家们希望”等词语可以推断,此处应选“答案”。

13.A从句子的最后一词highest便可得知,此处应选该词的反义词。

14.C众所周知,专家们建议多吃水果、蔬菜以降低患癌症的风险,可见此处应选表示“至少”意思的词语。

15.B空格之前提到了一些最常见的癌症,接下来举的是例子,因此此处应选表示“像”“包括”等意思的词语。

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

译文：大约三分之一的癌症与饮食和酒精有关

一位重要的研究者在星期二说，饮食是仅次于吸烟的导致癌症的原因，在发达国家饮食和酒精导致了大约三分之一癌症。

牛津大学的提姆·凯博士在癌症会议上说，科学家们正在研究特定的食物是怎样导致癌症的，但是他们知道，饮食、酒精和肥胖起了很大作用。

他说：“如果没有肥胖的人，癌症能够减少5%。”

然而吸烟和大约30%的癌症有关，饮食和大约25%的癌症有关，酒精和大约6%的癌症有关。

肥胖增加了乳腺、子宫、肠和肾脏得癌症的危险，而人们知道酒精会导致嘴 、喉咙和肝脏的癌症。以上因素如果和抽烟共同发生，危险性就更大的。

凯在英国慈善癌症研究会议上说，人们还不知道与癌症相关的饮食中的其他因素，但是科学家们希望EPIC 研究能够给出答案。EPIC研究正在比较十个国家50万人的饮食和患癌症的比例。

这个研究的早期结果揭示挪威、瑞典和丹麦消费水果和蔬菜的量在欧洲国家中是最低的，而意大利和西班牙的水果和蔬菜消费量是最大的。专家推荐每天至少食用五份水果和蔬菜来减少得癌症、乳腺癌和前列腺癌。

EPIC 研究的带头科学家——凯说他们现在正在关注饮食 一些非常普遍的癌症之间的联系，包括直肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌。

第五篇 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence

Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of1 an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look ____1____ domestic violence and health among men.

“Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don’t hear about it____2____,” Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle , one of the study's authors ，told Reuters Health. “ They often don't tell____3____we don't ask. We want to get the message out2 to men who____4____experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to____5____.”

The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical____6____, such as threats that made them____7____for3 their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go)，and constant name-calling.

Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner____8____in the past five years, while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.

Rates were lower for men 55 and____9____，with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of____10____violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men____11____was physical.

However, the physical violence men reported wasn’t as harsh as____12____suffered by women in a previous study；20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of____13____

Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems____14____those who had not, especially older men, the____15____found.

词汇：

intimate /'?nt?m?t/ adj.亲密的

name-calling n.辱骂

abuse /?'bju?z/ n.伤害

注释：

1. at the hands of：出自某人之手,从某人那里

2. get the message out：传达这样一个信息

3. fear for：为……担忧

练习：

1.A. by B. at C. on D. for 2.A. never B. often C. ever D. now 3.A. and B. but C. yet D. unless 4.A. to B. no C. do D. go 5.A. us B. him C. you D. them 6.A. strength B. labor C. abuse D. exercise 7.A. hope B. fear C. wait D. look 8.A. violence B. attitude C. friendship D. stress 9.A. younger B. junior C. senior D. older 10.A. normal B. necessary C. domestic D. foreign 11.A. enjoyed B. experienced C. performed D. committed 12.A. this B. those C. that D. one 13.A. women B. people C. adults D. children 14.A. from B. than C. except D. despite 15.A. victims B. participants C. researchers D. partners

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

答案与题解：

1.B look at表示“观察、研究”。

2.B根据上下文可以推断,此处应选表示“经常”意思的often一词。

3.A这句话的意思是他们经常不说而我们也不问”。所以应用and一词连接两个并列成分。

4.C本段中的第一句已经出现过do experience的用法,表示“的确经历过”。

5.D前面出现的是men一词,与其对应的应是them。

6.C前面出现了physical abuse,与其并列自然应是non-physical abuse。

7.B既然是威胁,肯定会令他们为自身安全担忧,而fear for their safety正表示这样的意思。

8.A 从第一句中的violence at the hands of an intimate partner 就可以推断,此处应选violence 一词。

9.D因为前面提到了18～54岁的男人,因此此处应是55岁及55岁以上的男人。

10.C前面已经多次出现过domestic violence的搭配。

11.B前面已经多次出现过experience violence这一搭配,而上下文也表明此处表示的意思是男人“遭受的”家庭暴力。

12.C 用that 指代妇女遭受的physical violence。

13.A因为是在与男人做比较,所以应选women。

14.B本句中前面出现了表示比较的more一词,此处自然应选than一词。

15.C结果只能是“研究者”发现的。

译文：男性也可能是家庭暴力的受害者

一些研究家庭暴力与男性健康的研究显示，有十分之三的男性都遭受过亲密伴侣的暴力虐待。

该研究的作者之一，华盛顿大学西雅图分校的罗伯特J．雷德博士对路透社健康新闻的记者说：“其实许多男性都经历过家庭暴力，只是我们不经常听说而已。我们不问他们也就往往不说。我们必须让那些遭受家庭暴力的男性知道，他们并不孤单，而且他们有资源可利用”。

研究者向被调查对象询问了有关生理虐待和非生理虐待的问题，如对其生命安全的恐吓，控制行为(比如告诉他们能与谁交往，不能与谁交往，哪些地方能去，哪些地方不能去)，以及经常性的谩骂与中伤。

年龄在l8到54岁的男性中，有14．2％的人坦言，在过去五年间经历过亲密伴侣的暴力行为．而在过去一年就经历过的人占6．1％。

而年龄在55岁及以上的男性，这一百分比有所下降。分别为5．3％和2。4％。

总体而言，55岁以下的男性中有30．5％称自己曾是家庭暴力的受害者，而在55岁及以上的男性中，这一比例为26．5％。他们经历的家庭暴力约有一半为生理虐待。

然而早前的研究表明，男性所受的生理虐待不如女性所受的严重，40％的男性称自己受到了严重的生理虐待，而女性比例则为61％。

研究人员发现，遭受过家庭暴力的男性与没有遭受过的男性相比，有更多的情感和精神方面的问题，这一问题在老年人中尤其明显。

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

第六篇 Onec-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment

Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill. Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/ ADDS2，for example, are all treated with____1____of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be____2____if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.

Now, two companies say they have done that for people just_____3___treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have______4__a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market. Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them___5_____the name of Sustiva3. Gilead combined the____6____Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.

Combining drugs involves more than____7____issues. It also involves issues of competition___8_____the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of____9____is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV.

In January the New England Journal of Medicine4 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its______10__to5 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir_____11___two drugs, AZT6 and 3TC7. The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with___12_____side effects8. Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, Glaxo Smith Kline.

Glaxo Smith Kline reacted____13____the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.

The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration9 to_____14___the new pill.

There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example,____15____women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders10. Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV.

词汇：

pill /p?l/ n.药丸

simplify /'s?mpl?fa?/ vt.简化

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

malaria /m?'le?r??/ n.疱疾 tuberculosis /tj?,b??kj?'l??s?s/ n.结核（病) joint /d???nt/ adj.联合的,共同的 virus /'va?r?s/ n.病毒 venture /'vent??/ n.工作项目或事业;企业 suppress /s?'pres/ vt.抑制 approve /?'pru?v/ vt.批准 pregnant /'pregn?nt/ adj.妊娠的，有孕的 competition /k?mp?'t??(?)n/ n.竞争

注释：

1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus):人体免疫缺陷病毒

2.AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome):获得性免疫缺陷综合症,艾滋病

3.Sustiva以后面出现的Emtriva, Viread和Combivir都是治疗艾滋病药物的商品名。

4.New England Journal of: 新英格兰医药杂志。New England是美国东北六州(Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island 和Connecticut)的总称。

5.英国英语中compare with是“与……相比较”的意思，compare to是“把……比作……”的意思,但在美国英语中compare to也有compare with的意思,这里就是“把……与……相比较”的意思。

6.AZT (Azidothymidine):叠氨胸苷（能抑制引起艾滋病的人体免疫缺陷病毒）

7.3TC:拉夫米定（一种胞嘧啶核苷衍生物,能抑制乙肝病毒和人体免疫缺陷病毒的逆转录酶的活性,改善肝脏组织的病变）

8.side effect:副作用

9.United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA):美国食品与药品管理局

10.birth disorder:先天性疾病

练习：

1.A. conservation B. cooperation C. combinations D. considerations 2.A. simpler B. more complex C. more meaningless D. more troublesome 3.A. starting B. stopping C. ending D. discontinuing 4.A. analyzed B. examined C. explored D. developed 5.A. before B. after C. under D. above 6.A. one B. ones C. other D. others 7.A. social B. technical C. personal D. historical 8.A. if B. as if C. though D. as though 9.A. that B. which C. what D. whatever 10.A. size B. shape C. appearance D. effectiveness 11.A. excludes B. contains C.looks like D. tastes of 12.A. few B. fewer C. many D. more 13.A. for B. with C. to D. into 14.A. prove B. disprove C. improve D. approve

2014年职称英语教材卫生类完形填空word版下载

15.A. weak B. strong C. elder D. pregnant

答案与题解：

1.C本段中多处提到新药是由几种药合成在一起的,而原来则需要服用多种药物,本空白处四个选项中只有C项“组合物,结合体”是唯一恰当的选择。

2.A其实,本篇文章的标题就提示了本空白处正确选项。

3.A这两家研制新药的公司让谁服用这些新药呢？只有A项“开始治疗”的人才有意义,其他三项均不再治疗,那有什么用呢？而且副词just (“即将、就要”）也起着帮助选择的作用。

4.D 这两家公司将目前市售的三种药物合成一片,这只能是“开发,研发”（D项），绝不能是“分析”、“检查”或“探查”。

5.C这几个介词中,只有under可以与name组合成短语under the name of (“以名,名为……”)，其他选项在这里均不合适。

6.D上面提到两家公司已经开发出将多种药合成为单片的新药，Bristol-Myers公司已合成了一种，Gilead公司则于2004年将其他两种Emtriva和Viread合成为单片,这里既然列出了这两种药的名称,所以就必须用others。

7.B合成药物让人们首先想到的自然是“技术”问题,但不仅仅是技术问题,所以下句就提到竞争问题。

8.A竞争问题只有当不同药厂制造同一类药品时才会出现,所以只有if才合适。

9.C本句中，the result of后面应该是一个宾语从句,空白处应该是宾语从句的主语,首先我们可以排除that和which,因为它们是用来连接定语从句的,其他两个，what = the thing(s)that, whatever = any thing that,两相比较,应该what恰当,因为这里指的是具体这一次,而不是泛指任何一次。

10.D研究人员对不同药物进行对比,自然是对比它们的疗效,其他三个选项的对比均毫无意义。

11.B 四个选项中只有A和B可以考虑，exclude是“除外,排除”，与contain (“包含,含有”)正相反,因此,即使是不知道AZT和3TC可以治疗艾滋病也会选择B项,因为作者绝不会在没有说明AZT和3TC是什么样的药物的情况下就说不包含它们,如果这样就会让读者摸不着头脑。

12.B既然这A新药可以抑制更多病人的HIV水平,副作用自然应该“更少”，这是使用新药前后的对比,故必须用比较级。

13.C react to (“对……作出反应”）是固定用法,其他选项均不对。

14.D从本句字面上看,他们打算在几个月内要求FDA干什么事情呢？而且是与新药有关,而FDA又是审批药品的机关,自然是approve (“批准”）了。

15.D本句后面已经提到,生育时可能有危险,那就只有孕妇（pregnant women)才涉及生育的问题了。

译文：一天服用一次的药丸可以简化HIV病毒治疗

Bristol—Myers Squibb公司和Gilead Sciences公司已经把多种治疗艾滋病病毒的药品合成为一种药丸。有的时候，最好的药品是多种药品的合成。例如疟疾，结核病，艾滋病都是通过多种药品治疗的，那就意味着要服用很多药丸。如果药品公司把所有的药品合成为一种药丸，一天只服用一次，一切就简单多了。