初中数学几何的动点问题专题练习
时间:2025-02-25
时间:2025-02-25
动点问题专题训练
1、(09包头)如图,已知△ABC中,AB AC 10厘米,BC 8厘米,点D为AB的中点.
(1)如果点P在线段BC上以3厘米/秒的速度由B点向C点运动,同时,点Q在线段CA上由C点向A点运动. ①若点Q的运动速度与点P的运动速度相等,经过1秒后,△BPD与△CQP是否全等,请说明理由;
②若点Q的运动速度与点P的运动速度不相等,当点Q的运动速度为多少时,能够使△BPD与△CQP全等?
(2)若点Q以②中的运动速度从点C出发,点P以原来的运动速度从点B同时出发,都逆时针沿△ABC三边运动,求经过多长时间点P与点Q第一次在△ABC的哪条边上相遇?
解:(1)①∵t 1秒, ∴BP CQ 3 1 3厘米,
∵AB 10厘米,点D为AB的中点, ∴BD 5厘米.
又∵PC BC BP,BC 8厘米, ∴PC 8 3 5厘米, ∴PC BD. 又∵AB AC, ∴ B C,
∴△BPD≌△CQP. ································································································· (4分) ②∵vP vQ, ∴BP CQ,
又∵△BPD≌△CQP, B C,则BP PC 4,CQ BD 5,
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∴点P,点Q运动的时间t ∴vQ
BP4
秒, 33
CQ515
·················································································· (7分) 厘米/秒. ·
4t43
(2)设经过x秒后点P与点Q第一次相遇, 由题意,得解得x
15
x 3x 2 10, 4
80
秒. 3
80
∴点P共运动了 3 80厘米.
3
∵80 2 28 24,
∴点P、点Q在AB边上相遇,
80
秒点P与点Q第一次在边AB上相遇. ···················································· (12分) 3
3
2、(09齐齐哈尔)直线y x 6与坐标轴分别交于A、B两点,动点P、Q同
4
∴经过
时从O点出发,同时到达A点,运动停止.点Q沿线段OA 运动,速度为每秒1个单位长度,点P沿路线O→B→A运动. (1)直接写出A、B两点的坐标;
(2)设点Q的运动时间为t秒,△OPQ的面积为S,求出S与t之间的函数关系式;
48
时,求出点P的坐标,并直接写出以点O、P、Q为顶点的平行四5
边形的第四个顶点M的坐标. (3)当S
解(1)A(8,0)B(0,6)····················· 1分 (2) OA 8,OB 6 AB 10
8
点Q由O到A的时间是 8(秒)
1
6 10
·· 1分 2(单位/秒) · 点P的速度是
8
当P在线段OB上运动(或0≤t≤3)时,OQ t,OP 2t
S t2 ······································································································································ 1分
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当P在线段BA上运动(或3 t≤8)时,OQ t,AP 6 10 2t 16 2t, 如图,作PD OA于点D,由
PDAP48 6t
,得PD , ······································ 1分
BOAB5
1324························································································ 1分 S OQ PD t2 t ·
255
(自变量取值范围写对给1分,否则不给分.)
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