Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Part 1: Teaching Design

第一部分：教学设计

Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading

(THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES)

Aims

To help students develop their reading ability

To help students learn about inventors and inventions

Procedures

I. Warming up by learning about the past participle used

as attributives

分词作定语

分词前置

We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日

He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人

分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等) There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里

This is the question given. 这是所给的问题

There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西

过去分词作定语

与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

典型例题

1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written

答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written

2）What's the language ____ in Germany?

A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。

spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语

language, spoken 与 language有被动关系, 该句可以理解为：

What's the language (which is) spoken in German?

II. Pre-reading

What is invention? Invention is the successful exploitation of new ideas,

new objects. By reasoning, analyzing and experimenting new things and

new ideas are invented for the benefits of the world.

Look at the photo, please. This man is a great inventor called Thomas Edison.

Thomas Edison received over 1000 U.S. patents, the most issued to any individual. Some people also credit him with an invention that received no patent: the modern corporate research laboratory. While this conclusion is arguable, his Menlo Park laboratory was intentionally designed to be an invention factory. It housed a large reference library, and often served to showcase the Wizard's

work. Some who worked in or visited the lab later became competitors.

“box telephone” telegraph sewing machine light bulb

III. Reading for forms

Read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the

IV. Copying and making sentences

You are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. You

VI. Reading to draw a diagram of the text and retell the test in your own words

became 14____ and could be easily caught. I decided to use the last one. Unluckily, I tried twice but failed and I had to 15____ my plan. My third 16____ was successful. I collected the snakes and the next day we 17____ them all back into the wild. 18____ by my friends and relations, I decided to send my invention to the 19____ office to get 20____ for my successful idea. (Key: 1. upset 2. snakes 3. rid 4. chance 5. distinguish 6. harming 7. try 8. habits 9. Second 10. approaches 11. removing 12. trap 13 perfume 14. sleepy 15. adjust 16. attempt 17. released 18. Pressed 19. patent 20. recognition ) Comprehension questions 1. After being asked to get rid of the snakes in the yard, the writer felt very _____. A. upset B. proud C. angry D. disappointed 2. From the text we know that _____. A. the writer knew nothing about the habits of snakes B. if the snakes are cooled, they will become sleepy C. the writer succeeded in catching the snakes without any difficulties D. it is easy to get a patent 3. No invention will get a patent unless it is_____. A. a scientific theory or mathematical model B. a new animal or plant variety C. truly novel D. a game or program 4. Which of the following statements about a patent is NOT true according to the passage? A. A search will be made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s. B. A large number of patent examiners will examine whether your claim is valid or not. C. If you pass the test, your application for a patent will be published 16 months from the date you apply. D. You’ll know if you get the recognition by the size of your bank balance. (Key: 1. B 2.

B 3. 4. C) Notes to some difficult sentences 1. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them. 这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明一个既能捉住蛇又不 会伤害它们的东西。 distinguish oneself: to cause(oneself) to be eminent or recognized 意思是“使自己与众不同；使 自己出名”; that 引导定语从句限定 something。 They have distinguished themselves as dedicated social workers. 他们以全心全意的社会工作者 而著称。 2. This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. 这是(因为我)预料到蛇还 会再咬人。 句中的 that 从句是一个同位语从句，做 expectation 的同位语。 There was a general expectation that he would win.普遍认为他会获胜。 3. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. 评定专利的标准非常严格，因此除非设想真的很新颖，否则很难被接受。 这里 that 引导结果状语从句。主句与从句是原因与结果的关系，译作“因此”。 She described the events so graphically that I could almost see them.他把那些事件描述得活灵活 现，我几乎能亲眼目睹了。 4. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. 评定专利的标准非常严格，因此除非设想真的很新颖，否则很难被接受。

novel 在此处是形容词，意思是“新的；新颖的；新奇的”。其名词形式是 novelty。 The novelty of office work wore off, and Jim soon got tired of it. 办公室工作的新鲜感消失了， 吉米很快就对它厌倦了。 She is always looking for novelty items to wear. 她穿着上总是追求新颖。 5. “Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.” 译文是：“偶尔离开平路， 去寻求 困境。当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不 觉中， 你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。 所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结 果。” beaten track 踩出来的路；惯例 They live miles off the beaten track. 他们住的地方远离人烟。 【高考链接】 ONLY 倒装句在高考题中的使用 only + 状语的结构(修饰副词，介词短语或状语从句)放在句首，主句要部分倒装 The teacher told me that only in that way could I learn English well. 老师告诉我只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。 I received my mother’s call at 11a.m., only then did I remember it was my birthday today. 我上午十一点接到

妈妈的电话。只有那时我才记起今天是我的生日。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 使用特点： 1. 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来帮助它构成倒装句。如： Only after the war learned he the sad news. (错) Only after the war did he learn the sad news. (对) 2. only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。 Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (错) Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (对) 3. only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。 Only can he answer the question. (错) Only he can answer the question. (对) 【高考链接】 1. Only then _____how much damage had been caused. (2006 陕西) A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realized 2. Only after my friend came _____. (2005 福建) A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired 3. Only when your identity has been checked, _____. (2003 上海) A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 4. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____the importance of studies. (2004 重庆) A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realized 5. _____a mobile phone can you ring _____you want to talk with anywhere. (2005 朝阳统考)

A. Using; whoever B. Only on; whoever C. By; whomever D. Not only with; whoever 6. Only under special circumstances _____to take up those tests. (2006 潍坊四月) A. are freshmen permitted B. freshmen are permitted C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen 7. Only when the war was over _____to his hometown. (2001 上海) A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 【巩固练习】 1. Only when class began ______ that he had left his book at home. A. will he realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize 2. Only when you have finished your homework _____ go home. A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can 3. _____can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard. 4. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____be able to be good at playing basketball. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 5. Only in an hour ago _____out why he was absent. A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found 【汉译英】 1. 这个人因智慧而扬名。 ____________________________________________________ 2. 老师正在监考。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我们沿着一条人们踏出来的路穿过森林。 ____________________________________________________ 4. 他一到那儿就着手解决问题。 ___________

_________________________________________ 5. 偶尔离开平路， 去寻求困境。当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟 踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真 正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。 ____________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 【高考链接】 1. D only + 副词放在句首，句子要部分倒装。then 是过去的时间，用一般过去时。 2. C only + 介词短语放在句首， 句子要部分倒装。computer 和 repair 为被动关系应用被 动语态。 3.D only + 时间状语从句放在句首，主句要部分倒装。 4. D only + 副词 放在句首，句子要部分倒装。then 是过去的时间，用一般过去时。 5. B only +状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装。 6. A only + 介词短语放在句首， 句子要部分倒装。freshmen 和 permit 为被动关系应用被 动语态。 7. A only + 时间状语从句放在句首，主句要部分倒装。 【巩固练习】 1. 答案为 C only + 时间状语从句放在句首，主句要部分倒装。

2.only 修饰句子的状语，位于句首，要部分倒装。答案为 A。 3. 倒装句，答案为 C。 4. C only + 介词短语放在句首， 句子要部分倒装。 5. only 修饰介词短语位于句首时,句子要倒装，答案为 C。 【汉译英】 1. The man distinguished himself by his wisdom. 2. The teacher is monitoring an examination. 3. We followed a well-beaten track through the forest. 4. He set about solving the problem as soon as he arrived there. He set out to solve the problem as soon as he arrived there. 5. Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.