虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点,作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理,笔者努力研究,目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

虚拟语气教学设计：

三原南郊中学：李丁东方

虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点，作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理，笔者努力研究，目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

I.虚拟语气的概念：

用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

II.虚拟语气的表现形式

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。例如：

1. God bless you.

2. If he were here, he would know what to do.

3. If you had come a little earlier, you would have met her.

4. She suggested that we should keep emailing each other.

5. They should have arrived by now.

6. Should I have time, I would read the book again.

7. I wish I hadn’t done that.

8. He talked as if he had seen it with his own eyes.

III.虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中

虚拟语气用在宾语从句中

虚拟语气用在表语从句、同位语从句中

虚拟语气用在主语从句中

虚拟语气用在主语从句中

IV.理解并熟练掌握虚拟语气的特殊语法条目；提升在语言环境中灵活运用能力。

通过合作探究，大胆质疑；学会用分析，总结，归纳的方法掌握虚拟语气的用法。重视语法学习，享受语法学习的快乐。

V．充分利用导学稿及能力提升巩固学习。

附：导学稿和能力提升练习题及答案

虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点,作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理,笔者努力研究,目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

虚拟语气导学稿

学习目标：

1. 理解并熟练掌握虚拟语气的所有语法条目；提升在语言环境中灵活运用能力。

2. 通过合作探究，大胆质疑；学会用分析，总结，归纳的方法掌握虚拟语气的用法。

3. 重视语法学习，享受语法学习的快乐。

重点和难点：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的假设通常的三种情况，以及在各类从句中的使用。 使用说明

1. 利用自主自习时间根据要求对导学稿进行有效预习约（30分钟）带*号为重点和必须掌握的重点。

2. First step：5分钟迅速浏览导学案，红笔标识疑难；

Second step：20分钟讨论解疑，展示，点拨；

Third step：10分钟巩固落实，强化运用；

Fourth step：5分钟进行总结；

Last of all:5分钟当堂检测

预习导引：

If I had a car, I would be very happy

a) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.

her but I__didn’t________ her telephone number.

c) I didn’t know her telephone number, otherwise I

I won’t do so. Of course he won’t feel surprised。

If I did so, she would feel very surprised

She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I won’t do that, so she will not feel surprised.

II．should”类

虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点,作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理,笔者努力研究,目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

A) suggest (建议) that sb (should )do sth

ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求

B) It’s suggested that sb (should) do sth

advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的

determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的

complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的

desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要

asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的

natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议

urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的

possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点） proposed提议

requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的

probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾

C) It is necessary / strange that sb (should) do sth （important）

D) 用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐 request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告

例如：

This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。

The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。

III．“过去时及过去完成时态”类

It’ had done sth

what if --- He would go to see you.

--- _________ he did not come?

A. What if B. Where if

C. What come D. why whether Note:

1).谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成式表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是……就好了”。例如：If only

If only she had known where to find you.

If only I could speak several foreign languages!

2).书面语中“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：

如果“if”从句中含有 “were, had ”或“should ”时, 则可省

略连词“if ”，而把“were, had ” 或“should” 移至主语之前。

eg：1.Were I you (=If I were you ) , I would ….

2.Had they not come last time (=If they had not come last time), we would have done….

3.Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), she would …

3).as if/though

虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点,作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理,笔者努力研究,目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；表示与过去事实相反，had+过去分词；表示可能性不大，用would(might, could)+动词原形。例如：

He talks as if he knew all about it.

You look as if you had seen a ghost.

It looks as though it might rain.

4).in case/ least/ for fear that

in case 引导的从句既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，由should构成，should可以省略。例如：The game will be postponed in case it snows.

The game will be postponed in case it (should) snow.

in case it snows比in case it should snow可能性大些。

课堂巩固：

1. (2011全国卷II,7)They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

A. will B. can C. must D. should

2. She didn’t come yesterday , or you _________him.

A had seen B might have seen C were to see D would see

3. The driver could have survived but he________ the seat belt.

A. had been wearing B. hadn’t worn C. wasn’t wearing D. didn’t wear

4.—— where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.

——I wish they_____ always late

A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been

5.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

6.（2011天津卷,15）I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.

A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come

7.（2011江苏卷,34）——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.

A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen

8. It is time that you _____ home and I’d rather you _____ again tomorrow.

A. would go/would come B. went/came C. go/are going D. are going/will come

9.——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

——I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended

10. The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they ______of cold and hunger.

A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died

11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________.

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned, would not take

B. had been warned, would not have taken

C. would be warned, had not taken

D. would have been warned, had not taken

13.（2011陕西卷,22）I _____ through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone

虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点,作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理,笔者努力研究,目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

14. It is time that the government _____ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

15. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant______all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

16. How I wish I _____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.

A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try

17. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he______ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

18. If I had seen the movie, I ______ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

19. I had hoped that Jennifer ______ a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes e flying

20. What a pity. If I had caught that flight, I _____ over the Pacific Ocean now.

A would fly B would have flown C would be flying D were flying

21. ______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

22. Mary ______ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received

23. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.

A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming

24. He’s working hard for fear that he ____.

A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

25. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might ______ for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed C. postpone D. be postponed

26. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child

______ psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

27. It’s strange that he ________ without saying good-bye to us.

A. should have gone out B. went C. should go out D. goes out

28.(2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ your advice.

A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow

29. Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, I’d rather you _____ .

A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. mustn’t

30. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

虚拟语气一直是高考的重点及难点,作为长期从事英语教学的老师及对大量资料的整理,笔者努力研究,目的是让语法课成为学生们最喜欢的英语课类型。

答案；1---5 DBCAC 6---10 DBBDD

11---15 CBABC 16---20 BDACC 21---25 BCCAA 26---30CCCBC