新编英美概况 美国教育 英文PPT

American EducationGroup 5

1.Introduction 2.Elementary and Secondary Education

3.Higher Education

IntroductionThe United States has had a great respect for education from its earliest time . Even before the American Revolution ,several outstanding colleges had been founded . Now the entire nation is divided into thousands of school districts ,each provides a free schooling of 12 years to its residents .

Under the US Constitution , the federal government has no power to make laws in the field of education . It is the state government that is responsible for education within its own territory .

The federal government can give financial help but not orders in education . Schools are provided and managed by local community boards of education , whose members are elected . Most schools are run on taxes by local districts and states

In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six . In some school systems ,elementary school includes grades from one to eight .

The next four years are called high school . In other school systems, there are three divisions : elementary school ( grades one to six ) ,junior high school ( grades seven to nine ) , and senior high school ( grades ten to twelve ) .

Elementary schools teach reading ,arithmetic , and language arts such as creative writing , spelling , and handwriting . Social studies , science , music , art ,and physical education are also part of the program . Classes are held five days a week from Monday to Friday . Elementary teachers have often been trained in schools of education , and most of them have normally completed the university degree .

The students go to high schools automatically after finishing their elementary school education . There is no entrance examination . The high schools , junior and senior ,have a good reputation in the country . They take their responsibilities very seriously . They have guidance counselors to whom children can go privately if they have any special problems , especially about their careers

Average tuition for parochial school students was about $2,600, and for nondenominational school students at least $5,000 per year in the mid1990s . The average teacher salary in private schools was $27,300 in 2007-2008 , a fraction of the $43,650 earned by public schools teachers . And male teachers earned substantially more than their female counterparts in both public and private schools .

The average teacher salary in private schools was $27,300 in 20072008 , a fraction of the $43,650 earned by public schools teachers . And male teachers earned substantially more than their female counterparts in both public and private schools .

For a long time, the US has led the world in higher education, quantitatively at least. The total number of the institution of higher education is about 3,300. This figure represents one institution for every 78,000 Americans. Slightly more than half of all institutions of higher education are privately supporte

d, many of them by religious groups. There are five categories of institution of higher education in the United States: Doctoral-level institution, Comprehensive institution, General baccalaureate institution, Specialized institution, and Two-year institution.

University (College): General for a four-year (18 years old and above), and "Institute" or "College", a university graduate students engaged in research and set up.

Harvard University

American universities currently in place-degree, associate degree, master's and doctorate system, representing the two major categories of undergraduate and postgraduate education four different academic standards. In addition the American University also awarded honorary degrees, which does not reflect the academic degree, but for society to recognize the outstanding contributors.

Two-year colleges, also known as junior or technical college, most of the public, mostly organized by the local communities, it is commonly referred to as community colleges. A four-year colleges, there are roughly two categories: one category or the College of Arts, Academy of Sciences, the other is independent of the Academy. These two types of college education system is generally four years. College of Arts and cultural Academy of Sciences awarded to graduates of the most common is the degree Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science, the Academy awarded the professional degree. Comprehensive university, access to these College study, often requires a four-year university degrees, the system is usually three to four years, the high cost of a long time. Comprehensive university awarding bachelor, master's and doctoral degrees 3.

二年制的多为技术专科学校和社区学 院，是连接高中和正规四年制大学的 一个桥梁，主要培养美国社会需求的 技能和专业知识，而且学费低廉。正 规四年制的学校主要为文理学院、独 立专业学院和综合性大学，代表着美 国科研和教学最高水平，培养大批高 层次的专业人才。这些院校除教学外， 还承担着美国政府的大量高精尖的科 研任务