武大分子《基因的分子生物学》Section A

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Molecular Biology Course

Section A Cells and macromoleculesRNA

Protein DNA Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Other macromoleculesunrelated to MB course Polysaccharides lipids

Complex macromolecules including these molecules

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Molecular Biology Course

A1 Cellular classification (Eubacteria, Archea,Eukaryotes, Cellular differentiation)

A2 Subcellular organelles (Nuclei,mitochondria and chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies, organelle isolation)

A3 Macromolecules (protein and nucleic acids,polysaccarides, lipids, complex macromolecules)

A4 Large macromolecular Assemblies(protein complex, nucleoprotein, membranes, noncovalent interactions)

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classificationClassifying organisms according to cell types

Eukaryotic cell

Prokaryotic cell

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Prokaryotes (原核生物) 原核生物) (Simplest living cells) Eukaryotes 真核生物) (真核生物) Eubacteria Archaea 真细菌) 古细菌) (真细菌) (古细菌) Structural 10-100 µm, 1-10 µm, no distinct features subcellular organelles, pili, Organelles flagella rRNA molecules are different among these kingdoms Biochemistry (rRNA based phylogeny, Fig. S2) Ester linkage Ether linkage Ester linkage 酯键) 醚键) 酯键) (酯键)(link) (醚键) (酯键) Energy production, metabolism

重点

Differentiatio n (link)

Replication, transcription and translation Formation of spores Embryonic cell differentiation

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classification

Phylogenetic tree determined by rRNA sequence comparisons(rRNA序列比较得到的系统发育树) Fig. S2 back

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classification

重点(鞭毛)

(类核 类核) 类核

(毛) 毛

典型原核细胞示意图back

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Cell wall: to prevent cell lysis inenvironments of low osmolarity Plasma membrane: lipid bilayer and embedded proteins for small molecule exchange Genetic materials: nucleiod (single and circular chromosome), plasmid Ribosmes: protein synthesis machinery Pili: to allow the cell to attach to other cells and surface Flagella: cell movement

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classification

重点

典型真核细胞示意图back

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Cytoskeletal Fiber: : 1. Controls the shape and movement of the cell 2. Organizes some metabolic functions

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classification

Cellular differentiation (细胞分化) 1. Definition: The daughter cells change their patterns of gene expression to become functionally different from the parent cell after cell division. 2. The main molecular reason: change of the genes being transcribed, but not that of the DNA content. 3. Regulated by developmental control genes, mutations in these genes result in abnormal body plans.back

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Cross with Cell Biology Course For example Spore formation among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes (Fig. S3) Embryonic cell differentiate into highly specialized cells among higher eukaryotes. (Fig. S4)

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classification

Cell differentiation in yeast (酵母)

Mating: n + n 2n Spore formation: 2n

n+n

Fig. S

3

back

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A1 Cellular classification

Embryonic cell differentiation in Xenopus (爪蟾属):from a single 爪蟾属) 爪蟾属cell to an adult

tadpole

Differentiation is regulated by developmental control genesFig. S4

back

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

Molecular Biology Course

Cross with Cell Biology

A2 Subcellular organelles Nuclei mitochondria and chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies, organelle isolation

武大分子《基因的分子生物学》 课件

A2 Subcellular organelles