Lesson 3Please send me a card

New words and expressions

send v寄，送send--sent--sent

postcard n明信片

spoil v使索然无味，损坏

museum n博物馆

public adj公共的

friendly adj友好的

waiter n服务员

lend v借给lend--lent--lent

decision n决定

whole adj整个的

single adj唯一的，单一的

send v寄送，派遣，打发 send--sent--sent

（cause sb to go or sth to be taken without going oneself) 1）：加双宾语：

send sb sth =send sth to sb 把某物寄给某人（物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语）

eg I sent my mother a present on Mothers` day. 在母情节我把礼物寄给妈妈。

I sent a present to my mother on Mothers` day. 在母情节我把礼物寄给妈妈。

2）：加单宾语

send sth寄送某物

send sb派遣，打发某人

send a letter寄一封信

send a percel寄一个包裹

send the children to bed打发孩子去睡觉

send sb my love/give sb my love 代向…致意

eg Please send your sister my love. 请代我向你姐姐问候。

Please send my love to your sister.

eg Please say hello to your brother. 代我问候你的哥哥。

eg Remember me to your parents.

Give my regards to your parents. 请代我问候你的父母。

send for sb派人去请某人

send for sth派人去叫某物

send for a doctor派人请医生

send for a taxi派人叫出租车

postcard n明信片

card n卡片，贺卡

a Christmas card圣诞卡

a birthday card生日卡片

a get-well card康复卡

an identity card身份证

a post card明信片

a pack of cards一幅纸牌

one`s best card/one`s strongest card 某人的王牌，绝招

give sb his card开除，解雇某人

lay one`s cards on the table 摊牌

put one`s cards on the table摊牌

post n/v邮，寄

post-bag邮袋

post-box邮筒，邮箱（US ,mail box)

post-code邮政编码

post office邮局

postman邮递员（US. Mailman)

post mark邮戳

post-free（邮件）免付邮资的，邮资已付的

post-paid邮资已付的

spoil v使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋

（means: make sth useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin) spoil--spoiled--spoiled规则变化

spoil--spoilt--spoilt不规则变化

dreamt; spoilt (Br)英式英语多用不规则变化

dreamed; spoiled (Am)美式英语多用规则变化

不管在英语或者美语中，当过去分词做定语时，都要用不规则变化

a spoilt child一个被惯坏了的孩子

spoilt milk坏了的牛奶

a misspelt word拼写错误的字

eg Bad weather spoilt our holidays. 恶略的天气破坏了我们的假期。

eg The bad news spoilt my day. 这个坏消息让我一天不开心，不高兴。

eg Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是破坏我的假期。

2v娇惯，宠坏，溺爱（尤其指儿童）

eg The little girl is terribly spoil-her parents give her everything she asks for.

那个小女孩被惯坏了，她的父母给她任何想要的东西。

eg Spare the rod and spoil the child. （谚语）孩子不打不成器。字面意思：闲置了棍子就惯坏了孩子。eg Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time.

每个人都喜欢时不时的被人宠一宠。(time to time 时不时的，偶尔）

museum n博物馆

museum piece1适于博物馆展览的精品

2（贬）老古董

eg This old radio of yours is a bit of museum piece; it is about time you got a new one.

你这个旧的收音机该进博物馆了，早该换个新的了。

public1adj公共的，大众的，与公共有关的（尤其做定语），

反义词： private ，私人的，个人的

a public garden公园

public affairs公事

public education民众教育

public health民众健康

public libraries公共图书馆

the public highway公路

2n公众，民众

the public 公众，民众

in public公开的，公然的（openly),反义词 in private 私自的，私下的

eg She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes. 她公开的向公众对她所犯的错误表示道歉。

friendly adj友好的

friend n朋友

make friends with sb和某人交朋友

eg A friend in need is a firend indeed. （谚）患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。

close friends密友

bosom friend知己

boy friend男朋友

girl friend女朋友

friendly adj友好的

friendly nations友邦

a friendly smile友好的微笑

a friendly welcome有好的欢迎

a friendly manner友好的态度

lonely adj孤独的

silly adj蠢的

brotherly adj兄长般的

lovely adj可爱的

deadly adj致命的

likely adj可能的

waiter n（饭店，旅馆，餐厅等）服务员

waitress n女服务员

ess 是女性的象征

actor n actoress女演员

prince n王子princess王妃，公主

tiger n tigress母老虎

lend v借（出）lend--lent--lent

加双宾语

lend sb sth借给某人某物

lend sth to sb把某物借给某人

borrow v借（来）

borrow sth from sb从某人处借来某物

eg Can you lend me 200 yuan?你能借给我200块钱吗？

I will pay you back tomorrow. 我明天还给你。

eg I lent that CD to John but never got it back. 我把CD借给John了，但是再也拿不会回了。

lend sb a hand= give sb help 帮某人忙

lend sb an ear（耐心地）倾听

be living on borrowed time大难不死（活在借来的时间）

lender n出借人，贷方

borrower n借东西的人，借方

decision n决定

decide v决定

decide to do sth决定做某事

make up one`s mind to do sth 决定做某事

eg I decided to study another language. 我决定再学一门语言。

I made up my mind to study another language.

eg With so many choices, it`s hard to decide which to buy. 这么多选择，真不知道该选择买那个了。eg It`s difficult to decide between the two. 这两者之间很难选择。

make a decition做出决定

reach a decision做出决定

come to a decision做出决定

arrive at a decision做出决定

eg On the last day of my holiday, I made a big decision. 在我假期的最后一天，我做了一个大的决定。eg Anyone who lacks decision shouldn`t be a leader.

缺乏决断能力的人是不能做领导的。（decision迅速决断能力）

whole1adj完全的，整体的，全部的（entire, complete)

a whole day一整天

three whole days三整天

the whole country全国

the whole world全世界

eg Let`s forget the whole affair.让我们忘记整件事情吧。

Let`s forget the whole matter.让我们忘记整件事情吧。

Let`s forget the whole thing. 让我们忘记整件事情吧。

2n整个，整体

eg Four quarters make a whole. 四个四分之一构成一个整体。

quarter n四分之一，一季度，一刻钟

eg Cut the apple into quarters.把苹果切成四瓣。

half n一半

eg Two halfs make a whole.两个一半构成一个整体。

eg Half of the work is done.一半工作被完成了。

as a whole 整体地

on the whole 总体来说，一般来讲

eg On the whole, I agree with your decision. 总体来说，我同意你的决定。

wholesale n 批发

wholesaler n 批发商

retail n 零售

retail dealer/ retail trader 零售商

single 1adj 唯一的，单一的

a single letter 唯一的一封信

a single apple hanging from the tree 树上挂着唯一的苹果

a single ticket 单程票

a round ticket 往返票

a return ticket 往返票

2adj 未婚的，独身的

single men and women 单身男女

married adj 已婚的

3adj 单独一个人使用的

a single bed 单人床

a double bed 双人床

a single room 单人房间

a double room 双人房间

single-parent adj 单亲的

Key Structures 一般过去时

1: 功能eg We visited the school last year. 我们去年参观了这所学校

2：形式1）规则变化： v.+ed

2） 不规则变化

3）be-was/were

eg I wasn`t in yesterday.我昨天不在家。

eg I went to school by bike when I was young. 在我小时候我骑车去上学。

体会动词过去式

P Did (do) you see the accident, sir? 你看到那个事故了吗？

M Yes, I did (do). The driver of that car hit (hit) that post over there. 那个司机撞倒杆子上了。（hit--hit--hit)P What happened (happen)?

一条狗穿过马路，那位司机企图躲开狗。这辆车就突然朝我开来。它走上人行道，撞倒那根柱子了。P What did (do) you do?

M I ran (run) across the street after the dog. 我穿过马路去追狗。（run after 追赶）

P Why did (do) you do that? Were(are) you afraid of the car? 你为什么这样做呢？ 你怕汽车吗？一般过去时与一般现在时的区别：

eg Her brother was an artist.她的哥哥曾是一位艺术家。（已过世）

Her brother is an artist.她的哥哥是一位艺术家。（尚健在）

eg That`s all I had to say.我想说的就这么多。（话已经说完）

That`s all I have to say.这是我想说的。（言之未尽）

eg It was so nice to see you.我真高兴见到你了。（离别时说）

eg It is so nice to see you.我真高兴见到你。（见面时说）表示过去某个特定的时间或某段时间之内发生的动作或情况，通常搭配过去某

一时间。

M M I wasn`t (am not) afraid of the car. I was (am) afraid of the driver. The driver got (get) out of the car and began (begin) shouting at me. He was (is) very angry with me. You see, it was (is) my dog. (get out of car 下车）A dog ran (run) across the road and the driver tried (try) to avoid it.The car suddenly came (come) towards me. It climbed (climb )on to the pavement and crashed (crash) into that post.

Text

Postcards always spoil my holidays.

spoil v 破坏心情，让…觉得索然无味

always adv 总是（频度副词），放在实意动词之前

a holiday 一天的假期

holiday 较长的假期

go on holiday 去度假

be on holiday 正在度假

holidays 较长的假期，不能指一天的假期

vacation n 1法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday.

2每年的例行休假（英）holiday,（美）vacation.

leave 雇员因某种原因而获准的休假或请假

ask for a leave 请假

take French leave 不辞而别

Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.

last summer 去年夏天

Italy n 意大利（国名）

Italian n 意大利语，意大利人

public garden 公园

A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.

teach sb sth 教某人某事

teach sth to sb 教某人某事

teach myself English 自学英语

teach sb a lesson 教训某人

give sb a lesson 教训某人

teach sb to do sth 教某人去做某事

teach fish to swim 班门弄斧（教鱼游泳）

educate v 知识和智慧全面的培养，通常有学校进行的正规教育

teach v 指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育程度

coach v/n train v 训练，使在行为，技能或体能上达到要求

instruct v 教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；指导；命令

word n 1词

new words and expressions 生词和短语

2话，语言

eg I don`t believe a word of his story. 他的故事我一个字都不相信。

3消息

eg Word came that he had run into truable. 有消息传来他陷入麻烦了。

eg Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。teach grandmother to suck eggs (字面意思：交给祖母去吸吮鸡蛋）在西方国复活节的时候，通常在鸡蛋壳上绘制许多彩色的图案，也就是著名的复活节彩蛋Easter egg ， 通常是在生鸡蛋的两端各打一个小孔， 把蛋清和蛋黄吸吮出去。老太太最擅长做这个事情了，如果教祖母亲干这个活，无疑是鲁班面前摆弄斧子。）

非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行（考试）辅导,或对体育运动的知道，做名

词还能做教练的意思。

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not

understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !

My friend, Roy, died (die) last year. He left (leave) me his CD player and his collection of CDs. Roy spent (spend) a lot of money on CDs. He bought (buy) one or two new CDs every week. He never went (go)to the cinema or to the threatre. He stayed (stay) at home every evening and listened (listen) to music. He often lent (lend) CDs to his friends. Sometimes they kept (keep) them. He lost (lose) many CDs in this way.

have a word in sb`s ear和…说句悄悄话

have a word with sb和…说一句话

have a words with sb和…吵架

have a word from sb听到，收到…的消息

Then he lent me a book.

lend sb sth借某物给某人lend--lent--lent

lend sth to sb

I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards.

read--read--read v读，（留意过去式和过去分词发音不同）

think about+n/doing思考，思索，回想，想起

eg Do you often think about your childhood? 你经常回想你的童年时代吗？

think of 考虑，想起，记起

eg I thought of postcards.

My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends.

pass v过，通过，pass--passed--passed

send sth to sb= send sb sth

eg I did not send cards to my friends.

I did not send my friends postcards.

On the last day I made a big decision.

在具体的某一天前用介词on

make a decition做出决定

make up one`s mind 做出决定

I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

spend v花费（主语是人）

cost v费用（主语是物）

sb spend time/money/energy on sth 某人花费时间/金钱/经历在某事上

sb spend time/money/energy in doing sth 某人花费时间/金钱/经历在某事上

eg He spends money as if he were a millionaire.

她花起钱来就好像她是一个百万富翁一样。（were表达“就好像是…一样”，是虚拟语气用法）

eg She spends all her money and time on clothes. 她花费所有的时间和和金钱在买衣服方面。

She spends all her money and time in buying clothes.

eg I spent a whole hour in explaining the importance of learning English to him.

我花了整整一个小时给他解释学习英语的重要性。

single adj唯一的，单一的

Special Difficulties过去式

功能：表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况，英语中有些动词可以跟2个宾语，这些动词大多具有”给予“ 的含义。通常“人”做间接宾语，“物”做直接宾语，间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前；但是一旦间接宾语在后，直接宾语在前，那么间接宾语前必须加“to 或者for", "to"表示动作对谁所做，表方向性；"for"表示为了谁所做，表目的性。

eg He passed me the salt.他把盐递给我。

He passed the salt to me.

eg She bought me a tie.他给我买了条领带。（for表示目的性）

She bought a tie for me.

eg She made me a cake.她为我做了一个蛋糕。

She make a cake for me.

1He paid the shopkeeper some money. 他付给店主一些钱。

He paid some money to the shopkeeper.

2He handed me the prize. 他把这个奖颁给了我。

He handed the prize to me.

3The waiter brought a bottle of beer to the man. 服务员给这个男士拿来一瓶啤酒。

The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.

4He sold all his books to me.他把他的书全部卖给了我。

He sold me all his books.

5The shop assistant found some curtain material for me. 这个售货员为我找了一些窗帘布。

The shop assistant found me some curtain material.

6He did me a big favour.他帮了我一个大忙。（do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙）He did a big favour for me.

7She showed her husband her new hat. 她给她的丈夫看了看她的新帽子。

She showed her new hat to her husband.

8She promised a reward to the finder. 她承诺找到者必有重谢。

She promised the finder a reward.

9He gave his son same advice.他给他的儿子一些劝告

He gave some advice to his son.

10His uncle left him some money. 他的叔叔留给他一些钱。

His uncle left some money to him.

His uncle left some money for him.

11He is teaching English to us.他在教我们英语。

He is teaching us English.

12I bought this bunch of flowers for you.我为你买了这束鲜花。（ this bunch of flowers 这束鲜花）

I bought you this bunch of flowers.

13Bring that book to me please.请把那本书递给我。

Bring me that book please.

14He offered me a cigaretter.他递给我一支香烟。

He offered a cigaretter to me.

15Read me the first paragragh. 请把第一段读给我。

Read the first paragragh for me.

16I`ve ordered some soup for you. 我为你点了一些汤。

I`ve ordered you some soup.

17I owe him a lot of money.我欠他许多钱。

I owe a lot of money to him.

18Pass the mustard to your father. 把这个芥末递给你的父亲。

Pass your father the mustard.

After dinner, mustard.马后炮

Exercises

1He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the write in a friendly way.

A friend 朋友：

B as friends 作为朋友；

C like friends 像朋友一样：

D in a friendly way以友好的方式。

他以友好的方式和作者谈话

2On the last day, he made a big decision. It was the final day of his holiday.

A final adj最后的

B end n/v最后，结束(是名词或动词，不能放在名词之前修饰名词）

C latest adj最近的，最新的：

D bottom n底部，末端；

3He didn`t write a single card. So he didn`t write even one.

A wrote only one只写了一张

B didn`t write even one甚至一张都没写

C wrote just one只写了一张

D wrote all the cards except one 除了一张没写其他都写了

4There is need to check the accuracy of the report.

A frequency n频率，频繁frequent adj频率很高的，经常的；

B accuracy n精确度，准确性accurate adj准确的，精确的；

C emergency n紧急情况，突发事件emergent adj紧急的；

D efficiency n效率；功效efficient adj有效率，效率很高；

有必要检查一下报告的准确度。

补充内容：量词

a belt of 一条狭长的（地带，水域）

a belt of volcanoes火山地带

eg A belt of trees encircled the field. 一条林带把田围住了。

a bit of 一点儿，一些，一小块儿，一小片儿

a bit of land一小块地

a little bit of cheese一小块奶酪