ZP加拿大概况(英文)2011

时间：2025-04-20

Canada

parallel 纬线 prairie 草原sparse稀少的topograph 地形

Arctic北极 Municipalitan 自治市

orient 东方的permanent永恒的

rival 对手grant 准许discontent不满

defuse缓和humidity湿气

precipitation 降水量

Charpter 1 Geography

1. Location: It’s bordered by America on the south, the Atlantic Ocean on the east and Pacific Ocean on the west ,and Arctic on the north.

2. Area: 9984670 square kilometer

3. Geographic region: Atlantic region

The Central region The Prairie region

The Pacific region The North region

4.1st Mountain: Mount Logan(洛根山) 5959 meters

5.1st Lake: Lake Superior 1st Fall: Nigara Falls 6.Climate:Continental temperate zone

大陆性温带针叶林气候

(Canada has a typical continental climate, characterized by cold winters, hot summers and sparse rainfall. The Pacific region has a relatively moderate climate. Mild summers and winters,high humidity and abundant rianfull.In the Atlantic Region,the climate is marked by an cold winter, hot summer and sparse precipitation. Canadians enjoy four very distinct seasons)

7.Major Cities:1st Toronto多伦多 2.5million.finacial capital.2nd Montreal蒙特利尔3rd Vancouver温哥华

8.4th Ottawa渥太华 capital

8.Population: 3161万

Britishdecendants42% Frenchdecendant26.7%

Other Europeans13%Chinese decendants 3.5%

Native people 3%

9.Religion:Catholic 47.3% ,Christian 41.2%

10.the Canadian National Anthem:国歌

“O Canada”<《啊，加拿大》

11；the National Flag of Canada 国旗

“The Maple Leaf “枫叶旗

12:political districts:10 provinces +3Territory

Chapter 2. History

I. Discovery and Exploration

1. 500 years ago, Indian and Inuit（因纽特人

Canada is a young country,recorded history about 500 years. Before European, it was populated by Indian, and Inuit tribe.

2.In 1535, Jacques Cartier, French navigator

found Montreal.

II. European Settlement

1. in 1608, 1st colony—Quebec city魁北克市 (France)，with the rapid growth of English colonies along the Atlantic seaboard. Soon E&F became rivals.

2. 1756-1763, “Seven years War”； the whole Canada came under British control

III. British Canada

1. in 1774, Quebec Act 《魁北克法案》

It granted the people of Quebec linguistic and religious freedom, and guaranteed the use of French civil law and British criminal law. So it was a milestone to unite French and British people into one country.

2. Constitutional Act《宪法法案》in 1791

Canada was split into Upper Canda and Lower Canada. Both colonies have limited self-government and political orgnization .

3. in 1837, Revolt.

Because of economy and religious discontent between the British and French community, the revolt was broke out. After the rebellions were put down in 1841,Upper and Lower Canada united as the British colony, the province of Canada by the Union Act (联合法案.)of the British congress.

IV. Canadian Nation

1. in 1867, British North America Act 《英属北美法》

2. in 1926, Equal position in foreign affairs

3. in 1931, the Statute of Westminister

《威斯敏斯特法案》

a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

4.in 1967 the Quebec sovereignty movement

Canada since 1980s

1.in 1982, (英议会通过)the Canada Act《加拿大法案》，It made Canade a fully sovereign state (主权国家),1st July was decided as the national day of Canada.

Chapter 3. Government and society

I. Government

A constitutional monarchy with a federal system of Parliamentary（君主立宪制+议会联邦制）

1. the Legislature：立法

the Parliament: the House of Common(众议院) 308人 the Senate（参议院）105人

2. the Executive：执法

1）the federal government 联邦政府

Governor General :总督Prime Minister:总理

2）the provincial government 省政府

3）the territorial government 地方政府

3. the Judiciary司法

a 4-level structure:the Supreme Court

the federal Court Provincial Court

Territorial Court

4. Political Party

1）The Liberal Party：（自由党） in 1867, largest party

2）Conserative Party：（保守党）in 2003, a right-wing

political party

3）The New Democratic Party：新民主党 in 1961,a left-wing position

5. Election

In 1867, whiteman In 1918, wemen

In 1960,aboriginal Candians土著加拿大人

II. Society Economy：1) Canada is one of the world’s wealthiest nation, and the majority of its citizens enjoy a high quality of life by world standard.

1. ) Canada is a free market economy.

2. ) Canada is the ninth largest trade nation in the world.

2.Education Canada has no national or federal departmetnt of education, it is the 10 provencies and 3 territories are responsible for education. Education is compulsory for children from 6-16 years old.Public education is free to all citizens to the end of secondary school.

1) Elementary & Secondary school

(6-16years old)

1-7 grades Elementary schol小学

8-12 grades Secondary school 中学

a.Publicschool:freecompulsory education,with boys and girls togather

b.Private school:c.Missionary school 教会学校Secondary school

2)Higher education:

In Canada no Entrance Examination, no national enrollment system, each college has its own enrollment standard.

a. University综合大学College 学院Institute 专科College management a. Semester system学期制

b. Quarter system 学季制

c. Trimester system 三学期制

Laval Universaty 拉瓦尔大学 1663