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The Moral Side of Murder

Steering wheel 方向盘on the side track转向分叉口

Give sb a shove 推某人一下 a handful of people 很少的人 Transplant surgeon the purpose of this course is to awaken the recklessness of my reasoning. I hope I can achieve this goal. once the familiar turns strange,it's never quite same again. utilitarianism 功利主义Utilitarianism 功利主义 a doctrine invented by Jeremy Bentham. Immanuel Kant is the most important philosopher of categorically moral reasoning.

结果主义的道德推理取决于道德行为的后果

-功利主义（18世纪英国哲学家Jeremy Bentham)；而另一种情况代表绝对主义的道德推理，有明确的职责，明确的权利，不论后

果是怎样。----（18世纪德国哲学家康德）

Uniilitarianism Consequentialist moral reasoning locates morality in the consequences of an act in the state of the rule that resolve from the thing you do. 结果主义的道德推理取决于道德行为的后果，它取决于我们最后的结果。

Categorical moral reasoning locates morality in certain absolute moral requirements certain categorical duties and rights, regardless the consequence.绝对主义的道德推理认为，道德有其绝对的道德原则，有明确的职责，明确的权利，不论后果是怎样。 philosophy teaches us and unsettles us by confronting us with what we already know. Philosophy estranges us from the familiar by inviting and provoking a new way of seeing. Bentham's idea is the following: the right thing to do , the just thing to do is to maximize utility. He meant by utility the balance of pleasure over pain, happiness over suffer.

we notice sometimes we were tempted to locate the morality of an act in the consequences, in the results, in the escape of the rules that brought about. We call this consequentialist moral reasoning. In some cases, we weren't swayed only by the results. The intrinsic quality or character of the act matters morally.

Questions Raised 1.Do we have certain fundamental rights? 2.Does a fair procedure justify any result? 3.What is the moral work of consent? Moral principles: The first the right thing to do, the moral thing to do depends on the consequences that we resolve from your action. (At the end of the day, better the five should live even if one must die.)That;'s an example of consequentialist moral reasoning. MORAL REASONING Consequentialist--- locates morality in the consequences of an act. (in the state of the rule that we resolve from the thing you do.) Categorical--- locates morality in certain duties and rights. Consequential moral --- Utilitarianism --- Jeremy Bentham 18th century English political philosopher Categorically moral --- Immanuel Kant 18th century German philosopher 2nd principal: the moral thing to do have something to do with the intrinsic quality of the act itself. (Categorical view: locates morality in certain duties and rights) Eg: Immanuel Kant (German Philosopher, 18th century) We weren't swayed only by the results, sometimes many of us not just consequences but also the intrinsic quality or character of the act matters morally. The versions of cnsequentialist moral theory, that's the philosophy if

Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham, the 18th century English pholitical philosopher. Bentham's idea is the following: the right thing to do, the just thing to do is to maximize utility. Utility means by utility balance of pleasure over pain, happiness over suffering. Bentham Utilitarianism is sometimes summed up in this slogan, the greatest good for the greatest number.

Categorical moral reasoning locates morality in certain absolute moral requirements绝对主义的道德推理认为，道德有其绝对的道德原则

Ethic 伦理

Michael J. Sandel,a renown philosophy professor in Harvard University,has given a series of lectures on equality and justice,which has been proving to be a great success and attraction.A couple of days ago,I began to watch his videos on the Internet.As a matter of fact,I prefer to study his vivid philosophy sincerely rather than hollow theory.For our contemporary college students,I hardly believe that everybody is willing to look into these seemingly deep philosophy.We could not have failed to easily figure out an evident phenomenon that there has been always a great deal of injustice and inequality in our ancient and modern

society.However,an old saying has been already heard by people that God is fair.Perhaps,justice and equality is not categorical in every aspect of our daily life,no matter in our study or profession. It must be a prevailing fact that some great philosophers have already been known to us,such as Jeremy Bentham(18th century English political philosopher),Immanuel Kant(German Philosopher,18th century),Aristotle(ancient Greek philosopher and physicist)and so on.

In the lectures of Sandel,he mentions a doctrine,that is utilitarianism,invented by Jeremy Bentham,born in England in 1748.Bentham went to Oxford University at the age of 12.At 15,he went to law school.He was admitted to Bar at age

19.With the certificate,he never worked for law,instead,he devoted his lifetime to jurisprudence and moral philosophy. Utilitarianism,Bentham invented,is simply stated that the highest principle of morality,whether personal or political morality is to maximize the general welfare,or the collective happiness,or the overall balance of pleasure over pain;that is to say,in a phrase to maximize utility.We are human beings and are in blood and flesh.We are ordinary people and we are governed by pain and pleasure.In Bentham’s

theory,maximizing utility as a principle not only for individuals but also for communities and for legislators.To achieve this goal,what we ought to do is the one that maximizes the balance of happiness over suffering.To tell the truth,I wonder whether people agree it o …… 此处隐藏：6184字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……