胡壮麟语言学名词解释总结

语言学的必备知识

Define the following terms: 1. 2. design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as function: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,http://www.77cn.com.cnnguage functions arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 5. 6. 7. history. 8. 9. 10. 11. prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property ought to be,http://www.77cn.com.cnying down rules for language use. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind.

that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication. 13. 14. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and social interaction of language.

语言学的必备知识

description of particular studies. 15. macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics,et 16. rules. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. performance: the actual use of language in concrete situation. langue: the linguistic competence of the speaker. parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances). Articulatory phonetics: the stud

y of production of speechsounds. Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or competence: language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of

overlapping articulations are involved..Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation. 22. 23. Voicing: pronouncing a sound (usually a vowel or a voiced consonant) by Broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in vibrating the vocal cords. transcription is called broad transcription;the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription;while,the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription. 24. Consonant: are sound segments produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. 25. 26. Phoneme: the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a Allophone:any of the different forms of a phoneme(eg.<th>is an allophone particular language. of /t/in English.When /t/occurs in words like step,it is unaspirated<t>.Both<th>and <t>are allophones of the phoneme/t/. 27. 28. Vowl:are sound segments produced without such obstruction,so no Manner of articulation; in the production of consonants,manner of turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be perceived. articulation refers to the actual relationship between the articulators and thus the way in which the air passes through certain parts of the vocal tract.

语言学的必备知识

29. of air. 30.

Place of articulation: in the production of consonants,place of articulation

refers to where in the vocal tract there is approximation,narrowing,or the obstruction

Distinctive features: a term of phonology,i.e.a property which

distinguishes one phoneme from another.胡壮麟语言学术语解释 2 [ 2006-3-31 15:50:00 | By: literature123 ]

31.

Complementary distribution: the relation between tow speech sounds that

never occur in the same environment.Allophones of the same phoneme are usually in complementary distribution. 32. IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet,which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888 then it has undergong a number of revisions.IPA is a comprised system employing symbols of all sources,such as Roman small letters,italics uprighted,obsolete letters,Greek letters,diacritics,etc. 33. Suprasegmental:suprasegmental featuresare those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments.The principal supra-segmental features aresyllable,stress,tone,,and intonation. 34. intonation. 35. morpheme:the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between Suprasegmental:aspects of speech that involve …… 此处隐藏：14476字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……