论文题目量子计算机中的消相干研究和量子编码(2)
发布时间:2021-06-06
发布时间:2021-06-06
论文题目量子计算机中的消相干研究和量子编码
推广了文献中量子纠错码的适用范围。量予纠错码是研究得最多的一种量子编码,原来的量子纠错方案均假定了量子比特独立地消相干。我们证明,所有的量子纠错方案都可以用来克服一般的空间关联消相干,而且量予纠错的操作步骤不需要改变。
关键词:量子计算机,量子并行算法,消相干,量子编码
Research on Decoherence in Quantum Computer and Quantum Codes
Duan Lu‐Ming
Abstract
A combination of quantum mechanics and computer science yields an interesting new subject, quantum computers. The field of quantum computers has been revolutionized by the innovative work of Shor on factorization of large numbers. Quantum computers can so1ve efficiently some of the problems that cannot be attacked by any classical computers, since for these problems there are superfast quantum algorithms thanks to quantum paralle1ism. Quantum computers act as sophisticated interferometers. The coherent interference pattern between the multitude of superpositions is essential for taking advantage of quantum parallelism. However, decoherence of the qubits (quanum bits) due to the inevitable interaction with environment will collapse the state of quantum computers. Decoherence is now recognized as a main obstacle to realizing quantum computation. To overcome decoherence, many kinds of ‐‐ codes have been discovered. Quantum coding is the most efficient way to combat decoherence.
This work can be divided into two pans. In the first pan, we present a systematic study on decoherence properties in quantum computers. In the second part, we devise an efficient decoherence‐reducing strategy in the presence of specific decoherence models, and improve and extend the previously‐discovered quantum error correcting and preventing codes.
Decoherence in quantum systems can be divided into two main kinds, phase decoherence and amplitude decoherence. Phase decoherence induces dephasing, and amplitude decoherence induces dephasing and loss of energy at the same time. We first calculate phase decoherence of a single qubit, and then extend the result to the case of independent decoherence of multiple qubits. Independent decoherence is an ideal circumstance. As another ideal circumstance, we consider collective phase decoherence of multiple qubits. New phenomena take p1ace in collective decoherence. The most remarkable one is that for collective decoherence there are coherence‐preserving states. The coherence‐preserving states are a special type of states which are stable under noisy environment. These states play an important role in quantum coding. Independent decoherence and collective decoherence are ideal circumstances. We concern about the real situation, and then consider a practical decoherence model. It is found that in general circumstances qubits are decohered spatially‐correlatedly. But under different extreme conditions, independent decoherence and collective decoherence can be obtained. We derive