城市温室气体排放清单编制研究进展_李晴

第33卷第2期

2013年1月

DOI：10．5846/stxb201111111705生态学报ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol．33，No．2Jan．，2013

李晴，唐立娜，石龙宇．城市温室气体排放清单编制研究进展．生态学报，2013，33（2）：0367-0373．

LiQing，TangLina，ShiLY．Researchandcompilationofurbangreenhousegasemissioninventory．ActaEcologicaSinica，2013，33（2）：0367-0373．

城市温室气体排放清单编制研究进展

李晴，唐立娜，石龙宇*

（中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室，厦门361021）

摘要：温室气体排放清单是目前最常用的城市碳排放核算方法，有助于在大尺度上了解城市不同行业或部门的温室气体排放情况。然而，中国城市温室气体清单研究刚刚起步，研究成果还不多，尚缺乏系统、规范的城市温室气体研究方法和指标体系。概述了城市温室气体排放清单的主要参考编制方法，介绍了国内外城市温室气体清单的编制情况，对目前城市温室气体清单编制的特点进行了分析，总结了城市温室气体清单与国家温室气体清单在关键排放源、编制模式、方法体系等方面的差异；在此基础上结合我国城市实际，对适合中国城市的温室气体清单编制方法进行了探索，并针对清单编制过程中存在的具体问题提出了建议；最后对未来城市温室气体清单的发展趋势进行了展望，以期为中国温室气体清单编制及研究提供借鉴。

关键词：气候变化；低碳城市；温室气体清单；碳减排；CO2

Researchandcompilationofurbangreenhousegasemissioninventory

LIQing，TANGLina，SHILongyu*

KeyLabofUrbanEnvironmentandHealth，InstituteofUrbanEnvironment，ChineseAcademyofSciences，Xiamen361021，China

Abstract：Whileactionsforaddressingglobalclimatechangeshouldnotbedelayed，anopenandcompatiblemethodforquantifyingthegreenhousegas（GHG）emissionsofcitiesorlocalregionsiscriticalrequiredtosupportpolicies．UrbanGHGinventoryisfundamentalforaccountingGHGemissionsincities．Ingeneral，itreflectsbothemissionstructureandtrend．CompilingGHGinventoriesaturbanscaleisabasicdemandoflow－carboncityconstructioninChina，andalsoafoundationforChina'sfuturedevelopment．

AlthoughusethemethodsofnationalGHGinventoriesasreference，GHGinventoriesforcitieshavetheirowncharacteristicsonprinciplesandmethodologysystems．ThepresenturbanGHGinventoryusuallyusestheexperiencesofGHGinventorymethodologiesdevelopedbyIPCC（TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange），ICLEI（InternationalCouncilforLocalEnvironmentalInitiatives）andDraftInternationalStandardforDeterminingGreenhouseGasEmissionsforCities．However，therearestillnosystemicandstandardizedmethodsandindexesforurbanGHGinventories，becausedifferentorganizationshaveestablisheddifferentapproachesforinventoryingurbanGHGemissions．Thoughunifiedframework，suchasIPCCorICLEI，isused，treatmentsonsomeemissionsources（electricityandcross-boundarytransport）ordivisionsofsub－sectorsaredifferent．Duetotheseissues，itisunsuitableforcomparisonbetweencities．Atthesametime，thecalculationresultsofChina'surbanGHGemissionshavelittlecomparabilitywiththoseofwesterncities，owingtodifferencesofdefinitionsandscales．

China'surbanGHGemissioninventoryresearchisjustatthebeginningandachievementsneedtobeextendedandtheperformanceofurbanGHGemissioninventorystillhasalongwaytogo．BasedonpresentmethodologiesofcompilingurbanGHGemissioninventoriesandtypicalcasestudies，bothdomesticandinternational，wewerewillingtoestablishacommon基金项目：环境保护部环保公益性行业科研专项（201009055）；全国生态环境十年（2000—2010年）变化遥感调查与评估专项课题（STSN-11-02）收稿日期：2011-11-11；修订日期：2012-02-22

*通讯作者Correspondingauthor．E-mail：lyshi@iue．ac．cn

standardbywhichinventoryofurbanemissionsshouldbefollowed．ConsideringthespecialcharacteristicsofChina'surbanstructure，andtheproblemswhichwouldbefacedduringtheaccountingprogress，China'surbanGHGinventoriesshould

carbondioxide，methaneandnitrousoxide，shouldbetakeitsadministrativeareaasspatialboundaryandthreemaingases，

concluded．Consumption-basedmodeshouldbechoseinordertoreflectemissionamountandstructuremoretrulyandmorecomprehensive．ThemostrecentIPCCguidelinescanbeusedfordeterminingemissionsfromfouraspects，energy（stationaryandmobilesources），industrialprocessesandproductuse（IPPU），agriculture，forestryandotherlanduse（AFOLU；wheresignificant），andwaste．WhileitisimpracticaltoquantifyalloftheemissionsassociatedwiththeindirectwaysofurbanGHGemissions，suchasmyriadofgoodsandmaterialsconsumedincities，urbanGHGinventoriesshouldalsoincludeout-of-boundaryemissionsfromthegenerationofelectricityanddistrictheatingwhichareconsumedincities（includingtransmissionanddistributionlosses），emissionsfromaviationandmarinevesselscarryingpassengersorfreight

of-boundaryemissionsfromwastethatisgeneratedincities．TheGHGemissionsembodiedintheawayfromcities，out-

food，water，fuelsandbuildingmaterialsconsumedincitiesshouldalsobereportedasadditionalinformationitemsifpossible．UncertaintyassessmentandqualityassuranceareencouragedandshouldfollowIPCCguidelines．

KeyWords：climatechange；low-carboncity；greenhousegasemissioninventory；carbonemissionreduction；CO2

全球气候变化已成为当前科学界和国际社会普遍关注的热点问题［1］，“发展低碳经济”作为协调社会经济发展、保障能源安全及应对气候变化的基本途径，已经得到各国政府的普遍共识［2］。当前全球广泛开展的温室气体减排谈判、减排活动及减排贸易等行动，均需依赖于对人为温室气体排放量的精确评估。城市具有

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