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Defining a Contemporary Chinese Architecture

The Fusion of Tao and Fa

ABSTRACT From the house to the precinct to the city,a generation is taking Chinese architecture in new directions.Working independently,working

collaboratively,enriching their own intellectual discourse from multiple sources,and under intense interest from the test of the world, in a country where designing for growth and change have critical importance,they represent the vanguard of a people seeking new self-definitions while transforming themselves for a new

century ,achieving a "fusion of architecture, landscape architecture,and city planning". KEY WORDS Contemporary Chinese Architecture;Authenticity in Chinese Architecture;Historic Preservation in Chinese Architecture;Landscape Architecture in China

Speaking at the twentieth ULA (The International Union of Architects) Congress in the Great Hall of the People at Tiananmen Square in June 1999,Professor Wu Liangyong of Tsinghua University set out principles for global urban development for consideration in a document entitled,”The Beijing Charter.”He described the framework that had guided his own country’s building traditions:”Classical Chinese philosophers went to greet pains to pinpoint the differences between methodology (alternatively translated as Dao or Tao) which concerns an intellectual framework,and methods (Fa) which deal with specific techniques.”

He challenged those present to consider principles to guide future growth,such as the “fusion of architecture ,landscape architecture,and city planning,”and to capture the ongoing technological revolution while remembering the benefits of "indigenous culture."

Professor Wu's words seem prescient.if,ten years ago ,examples reflecting the highest standards of modernity in design and construction were limited to specific,showcase buildings in china ,building materials and systems were advancing,however,to meet the demands of demographic and economic shifts.the "Tao" and "Fa" were accelerating toward a kind of genetic fusion as the global economy quickly grew.

"Knowledge begins with practice.Theoretical knowledge that is acquired through practice must then return to practice.The active function of knowledge manifests itself not only in the active leap from perceptual to rational knowledge but —and this is more important—it must manifest itself in the leap from rational knowledge to revolutionary practice.

As suggested in the writings of Chairman MaoZedong, the relationship between theory and practice is recursive.There are many ways to apply this aphorism within contemporary urban and architectural discourse,and it may prove as useful for our purposes to co-think the roles of emerging practices in China given the distance between those theorizing the urban condition of China ,and those producing its material reality. Given the breadth of contemporary practices in China,knowledge

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production is radically dynamic.It is also limited by the institutional bodies presiding over isolated responses to environmental,political and social conditions,making China an ever more relevant and important project for the 21st century.Like knowledge,architecture becomes actionable when it escapes overly rehearsed design formulas,splintering away from centralized authorities of spatial production.Spatial Splinters are concerned with mutations in the deep structures of architectural production.

Today,Chinese architects are grappling with,and realizing some success,in defining a contemporary Chinese architecture.They follow in the wake of waves of a generation of prominent global architects from John Portman,I.M.Pei,Paul Andreu,Norman Foster,Skidmore Owings and Merrill,and Steven Holl,who, for over a decade,have sought and found major commissions in china.

While the internationally fueled projects were occurring,however,other forces were at play in China that have changed contemporary architecture.Schools of architecture,such as Beijing's Tsinghua University and Shanghai's Tongji University,encouraged dialogue and exchange.Universities have been instrumental in examining historic preservation,a critical concern,and in particular research and conservation,by practitioner/academics such as Prof.Chang Qing at Tongji University.Additionally,Chinese architectures like Chang Yung Ho and Ma QingYung have severed as deans at schools of architecture abroad,at MIT and the University of Southern California,respectively.

The major design institutes,and in particular their design studios led by significant practitioners such as Cui Kai at the China Design Institute,are developing indigenous talent, many of whom have collaborated with international designers.Architectural publications grew in sophistication and scope within China,bringing to light the best of contemporary Chinese and worldwide architectural work,such as Beijing-based World Architecture and Time+Architecture from Shanghai.

The development of collateral disciplines,including engineering and landscape architecture,has enriched the architectural dialogue.Turenscape, a landscape design studio led by Dean Yu Kongjian,in conjunction with Peking University,has engaged former urban industrial sites,among other projects,reinvesting them with new open spaces.A new generation of planners and government officials,like Dr Sun JiWei,formerly in Qingpu and now Jiading District Mayor,(a satellite city of Shanghai)is reinvisioning the total Chinese city.

Simultaneously with China's massive demographic shift to cities from the countryside,an explosion of the arts has fueled the architectural dialogue.The occasional loosening of restrictions of expression coupled with rising economies and widespread interest in Chinese expression within and outside of China …… 此处隐藏：10951字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……