英语：阅读理解解题指导--巧用构词法猜测词义

weightlifting

…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter” mean?

shop+lifter A. 商店里的小偷

shoplifter B. 商店里的推销员 Word Formation

C.商店里的老客户 lifter n.

构词法

D.商店里的搬运工 小偷

巧用构词法原则帮助解答 阅读理解中的猜测词义题

派生法(Derivation)able unable; teach teacher

合成法(Compounding)space+ship 构词法 visit v. spaceship visit n.DIY

转化法(Conversion)缩略法(Abbreviation)Do it yourself.

由词根(root)加前缀(prefix)或后缀 (suffix)构成新词。

一、派生法(Derivation) undisinimmisnon-

否定前缀

understand polite smoker agree fair visible

Some important prefixes: Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? 1. over- : too much overwork , overeat The trains are ____________ overcrowded on Friday evenings. above sth; across(crowded) overcoat, overhead

He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely. 2.en- 动词前缀 enable, endanger, Reading can ______ enrich your life.(rich)

Some important suffixes:

-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, able, -less, -en等 sharpen a pencil sharp adj. sharpen v. __________________ strengthen strength brightbrighten _____________

With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.

unconditional: 无条件的，绝对的nonjudgmental: 没有判断力的

二、合成法(Compounding)把两个或两个以上独立的词合成 一个新词。

highwaywaiting-room kind-hearted

For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的

Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.honest or practical 实事求是，脚踏实地

Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied tongue-tied in her presence. …At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.

三、转化法( Conversion )He is a man with broad shoulders.

由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。

n.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time. v. take/bear

So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you pleasure…Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.

Never trouble trouble until

trouble troubles you.