2013届英语第一轮复习学案unit19 Language

发布时间：2024-08-30

inform v. 通知;告诉①跟从句He informed me that he was going to Europe on business.②跟of 或about引导的短语He has not yet informed me of his plans for holidays.③跟“疑问词+不定式”结构He will inform us where to go. ④跟名词或代词If you saw the accident, please inform the police.He went to the police and informed against / on the criminals.information n. 信息

2013届高三北师大版英语一轮复习学案：

M7 unit 19 Language（1）

1. get ahead 取得进步,获得成功

He always tries to get ahead of others in everything.

他总是试图处处领先他人。

Getting ahead at work is the most important thing

to her at the moment.

目前,对她来说在工作上取得成功是最重要的。

ahead adv. & prep. 在前面

He kept his gaze fixed on the car ahead.

他一直注视着前面的那辆汽车。

Tom pointed to a tree ahead of them.

汤姆指着他们前面的一棵树。

You should have warned me ahead of time.

你本该提前警告我的。

1. 很快,她就发现在影视业获得成功不容易。

_____________________________________

2. 你可以提前准备这些色拉的。

_____________________________________

She soon found that it wasn’t easy to get ahead in the movie business.

You can prepare these salads ahead.

3. 在诊所里,有4个人排在我前面。

_____________________________________

4. 如果你要来,能不能提前告诉我？

_____________________________________

There were four people ahead of me at the doctor’s.

Can you tell me ahead of time if you are coming?

2. absence n. 缺乏,缺少,缺席

We are in the absence of experience.

我们缺乏经验。

Please look after my house during my absence.

我不在时,请帮我看房子。

absent adj. 缺席的; v. 缺席

How many students are absent today?

今天有多少学生缺席？

Professor Li is absent, and I will take the lesson

in the place of him.

李教授不在, 我替他上课。

1. 我不在时,由格林先生负责。

____________________________________

2. 由于缺乏证据,警方只好把迈克放了。

____________________________________

Mr. Green will be in charge during my absence.

In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Mike go.

3. 请告诉我你为什么缺席。 (一句多译)

____________________________________

Please tell me the reason for your absence. / Please tell me the reason why you were absent. / Please tell me the reason for which you were absent.

3. inform v. 通知；告诉

①跟从句

He informed me that he was going to Europe

on business.

他告诉我他因公出差去欧洲。

②跟of 或about引导的短语

He has not yet informed me of his plans for

holidays.

他尚未把他的度假计划告诉我。

③跟“疑问词+不定式”结构

He will inform us where to go.

他将通知我们去哪里。

④跟名词或代词

If you saw the accident, please inform the police.

如果你目睹了这场事故,请告诉警察。

He went to the police and informed against / on

the criminals.

他去了警察局控告那些罪犯。

information n. 信息

1. 他被告知他通过了英语考试。

____________________________________

2. 他把事情告诉你了吗？

____________________________________

He was informed that he had passed the English exam.

Did he inform you about it?

3. 请告诉我如何解这道数学题吧。

____________________________________

4. 他们认为最好通知警察。

____________________________________

Please inform me how to solve this math problem.

They thought it better to inform the police.

4. surround vt. 包围,围绕

be surrounded by 被……包围

surround+反身代词+with…喜欢结交(某类人)；

喜欢身边总有(某类东西)

Trees surround our house.

我们房子的四周都是树。

The house was surrounded by high walls.

房子的四周有高墙。

Dole always likes to surround himself with

young people.

多尔总喜欢结交些年轻人。

surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的

surroundings n. 环境,周围的事物

1. 警方包围了这座大楼。

___________________________________

2. 我们的处境危机四伏。

___________________________________

The police surrounded the building.

We are surrounded by dangers.

用surround的适当形式填空

3. There is a high wall that _________ our school.

4. She sat in an armchair, ___________ by 12 dogs.

5. The house is located in very pleasant

______________.

6. We decided to explore the ____________

countryside.

surrounds

surrounded

surroundings

surrounding

5. adequate adj. 足够的,充分的；胜任的

该词可用作定语和表语。用作表语时,常用

结构为：

be adequate to / for sth. 某物足够

be adequate to do sth. 足够做某事

There is an adequate supply of hot water in the

hotel.

宾馆里有充足的热水供应。

I hope you will prove adequate to the job.

我希望你能证明自己胜任这项工作。

The supply is not adequate to / for the demand.

供应无法满足需求。

同义词：enough

inadequate adj. 不够的，不充足的；不胜任的

The food supplies are inadequate to meet the

needs of the hungry.

食物供应还不足以应付饥民的需求。

1. 作为母亲,我感到自己完全不合格。

___________________________________

2. 他的工资足够养活3个人。

___________________________________

I felt totally inadequate as a mother.

His wages are adequate to support three people.

6. ensure v. 保证；担保；保护

①跟名词或代词

The medicine will ensure you a good night’s

sleep.

这药保证会让你睡一夜好觉。

Come early to ensure a good seat.

早点来以保证有个好座位。

②跟从句

His wife ensured that he took all the pills every

day.

他的妻子确保他每天都服下所有该服的药片。

③ensure…against / from… 保护……使不受……

We should ensure ourselves against all possible

dangers.

我们要保护自己,以防所有可能的危险。

1. 已采取所有必要的措施以确保他们的安全。

______________________________________

2. 夜间请务必保证所有的灯都关掉。

______________________________________

All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety.

Please ensure that all the lights are turned off at night.

3. 为了保证自行车不被偷走,我装了一把新锁。

(一句多译)

____________________________________

To ensure the bicycle from being stolen, I fitted a new lock. / To ensure the bicycle against being stolen, I fitted a new lock. / To ensure that the bicycle would not be stolen, I fitted a new lock.

7. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；努力的成果

Your success lies upon your effort.

你成功与否取决于你的努力。

The workers are making effort to overfulfil

this year’s plan.

工人们正在努力超额完成今年的计划。

I know you don’t like her, but you could make

an effort to be polite.

我知道你不喜欢她,但你要尽量礼貌些。

Every effort is being made to deal with the

issues you raised at the last meeting.

正尽一切努力处理你上次在会议上提出的

问题。

1. 他的一切努力都白费了。

___________________________________

2. 拯救队伍正在尽一切努力寻找那个失踪的

男孩。

___________________________________

All his efforts were fruitless / in vain.

The rescue team are making every effort to find the missing boy.

8. help (sb.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境

Is there anything I can do to help out?

我能帮上忙吗？

If you haven’t got time to finish, I will help

you out.

如果你来不及做完,我会帮你一把。

1. 我们有困难时,他总是急人所难。

_____________________________________

2. 她毕生致力于帮助穷人和病人。

She devoted all her life __________________

______________.

3. 你能帮我解决这个问题吗？

Can you ______________________________?

He’s always willing to help us out when we’re in trouble.

to helping the poor

and the sick

help me (to) solve this problem

4. 我再给你拿点甜品好吗？

May I _______________ some more dessert?

5. 我们总是想着他还活着。

We __________________ that he is still alive.

help you to

can’t help thinking

9. embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使发窘

The reporter embarrassed the singer with a

difficult question.

记者出了个难题,使得这位歌手很尴尬。

embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的，感到难堪的；

可作表语、定语和状语等

I felt embarrassed about my dirty shoes.

脏鞋子使我感到很尴尬。

Shy and embarrassed, the boy rushed out of

the room.

又羞又窘,男孩跑出了房间。

embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的，使人难堪的；

可作表语和定语

I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so

embarrassing.

我不喜欢当众讲话,那让人难为情。

embarrassment n. 困难,阻碍,困窘

We met some financial embarrassment.

我们遇到一些财务困难。

1. 她丈夫醉酒后的举止使她很难堪。

___________________________________

用embarrass的适当形式填空

2. Meeting adults _____________ the shy child.

3. Mary will get ____________ if we ask her

to sing.

Her husband’s drunken behaviour embarrassed her.

embarrassed

4. I can see an ______________ look on his face.

5. That is an _______________ situation for me.

6. His ignorant behaviour at the dinner table

caused much ___________________.

embarrassed

embarrassing

embarrassment

M7 unit 19 Language（2）

10. provided (that) 如果,条件是……

类似表达：as long as； unless; if; on

condition (that); only if

We shall go provided / providing that the

weather is fine.

只要天晴, 我们就去。

1. 只要你先把作业做完,你就可以出去玩。

___________________________________

2. 只要你星期五前能把钱还给我,我就借给你。

(一句多译)

① ___________________________________

___________________________________

You can go out to play provided / providing that you finish your homework first. Provided / Providing that you pay me back by Friday, I will lend you the money. ②_____________________________________

_____________________________________

③_____________________________________

_____________________________________

④_____________________________________

_____________________________________

⑤_____________________________________

_____________________________________

As / So long as you pay me back by Friday, I will lend you the money.

On condition that you pay me back by Friday, I will lend you the money.

Unless you pay me back by Friday, I won’t lend you the money.

Only if you pay me back by Friday, I will lend you the money.

11. in case 以防万一,以免

后面可接从句,也可不接句子,常与just搭配

构成just in case,表示“以防万一”。

Write the telephone number down in case you

forget.

把电话号码写下来以免忘了。

In any case you must arrive there on time.

无论如何你必须按时到达那里。

Press this button in case of fire.

若遇火灾按下此钮。

I will reveal your secret in no case.

我决不会泄漏你的秘密。

You don’t like your job? In that case, why don’t

you leave?

你不喜欢这份工作？既然那样你怎么不辞职呢？

1. _________traffic jam, you should walk to school.

2. It’s usually not cold there, but you’d better take

some warm clothes _______________.

3. Don’t trust him. He will keep his promise

_________________.

4. She said she wouldn’t give up _____________.

In case of

(just) in case

in no case

in any case

5. _________I may forget about the appointment,

I’ve already asked my sister to remind me.

6. 带把伞吧,以防下雨。

______________________________________

7. 不管怎样我们都要经过你的家,所以我们会送

你回去。

______________________________________

In case

Take an umbrella, in case it rains.

We have to go past your house in any case, so we’ll take you home.

1. But sadly, the chances that we will all have the

opportunity to live in an English-speaking country

are small.

但遗憾的是，很少有人有机会生活在讲英语

的国家。

句中that引导的从句是同位语从句。定语从句

与同位语从句的最大区别是：在定语从句中,

引导词that要充当句子成分；而在同位语从句

中,引导词that不充当任何句子成分。

The news that they won the match is true.

(同位语从句)

他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。

The news that you told me yesterday is true.

(定语从句)

你昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

2. Therefore, most of us have to rely on what we

can learn at school as part of the school

curriculum.

因而, 大多数人还是得靠学校的语言课程来

学习外语的。

what we can learn at school 整个句子作介词on

的宾语,是宾语从句。

你能指望Rose为我们所做的一切吗?

Can you count on ________________________?

what Rose has done for us

3. What this means is that they make sure there is

an adequate amount of input in English conveyed

to the students through various mediums.

这就意味着确保通过不同的媒介向学生传达

足够量的英语输入信息。

what this means是由what引导的名词性从句在

句中作主语,叫主语从句,谓语动词用单数is。

conveyed to the students through various mediums

是过去分词短语作定语,修饰名词English。

1. 他所说的跟他所做的不一致。

__________________does not agree with

__________________.

2. 他喜欢木筷子。

He likes the chopsticks _______________.

What he has said

what he has done

made of wood

健康与饮食(读写任务)

“健康就是幸福，人人健康，国家富强”这句话正说明了健康的重要性。健康的身体，是学习、工作、生活的基本保证。

饮食健康指各种食物食品、汤水饮料的介绍、健康饮食、绿色食品、饮食文化、快餐、饮食习惯与喜好；健身与锻炼、保健、个人卫生、各种疾病与防治、意外事故、医疗保险，财富与健康等等。

健康与饮食这个话题在读写任务中常常涉及西式快餐的利与弊；饮食习惯；中西饮食对比；锻炼与健康；你对健康食品的认识；你为什么喜欢某种饮食；怎样保持心理健康；怎样保持身体健康；什么是真正的健康；医疗保险；你对“绿色食品”的认识；分析人们越来越热衷于“绿色食品”的原因，以及怎样才能保证“绿色食品”的质量等问题。

实用表达：

suffer from 遭受，患上

near-sighted 近视的

feel stressed/depressed 感到紧张/沮丧

have a pain in… 某处疼痛

mentally unhealthy 心理不健康的

physical and psychological health身心健康

relax oneself 自我轻松

relieve pressure 缓解压力

go on diet 节食

proper diet 恰当的饮食

take three meals on time 按时吃三餐

eat much junk food 吃很多的垃圾食品

(un)healthy eating habits (不)健康的饮食习惯

be high / low / rich in… ……含量高/低/丰富

be optimistic / pessimistic about 对……乐观/悲观

physical and mental condition 生理和心理状况

feel weak / well / terrible 感觉虚弱/健康/很糟

face difficulties with courage 勇敢面对困难

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Shanghai health authorities, which are busy inspecting thousands of restaurants around the city before the lunar New Year's Eve next week, are suggesting diners break with Chinese tradition during the most important holiday of the year.

Health officials are suggesting restaurants serve food on separate dishes to each customer instead of using the traditional method of serving one big dish that everyone can help themselves from.

While many eateries did that last spring during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak to prevent spreading the virus, the practice quickly ended when the disease was brought under control.

“New Year's dinner is a get-together for relatives and friends. Serving separate dishes may destroy the cozy atmosphere，” said a manager surnamed Zhu at Shanghai Xinghualou Restaurant on downtown Fuzhou Road.

“We provide such service only if customers ask for it. Normally, we provide public chopsticks and spoons，” said

A growing number of restaurants are now providing serving spoons and chopsticks, which is more hygienic than allowing everyone to use their own chopsticks and spoons. “Eating together from a big plate is a tradition for Chinese. Since it is a family party and all the people are relatives, it is awkward to eat from separate dishes，” said Zhang Lin, a 42-year-old woman

【写作内容】

1．概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约为30；

2．然后以约120词记叙自己与他人聚餐的一次经历，并包括以下的内容要点：

(1)记叙一次自己与他人聚餐的经历；

(2)你当时的感受；

(3)简要谈谈你如何看待中国的餐桌习惯。

这是一篇新闻报道，在概括时要包含以下几点：

1. Shanghai health authorities are inspecting and urging restaurants to serve food separately to guests.

2. The purpose of doing so.

3. The reaction of restaurants and diners.

抓住要点后，还要进行句式和结构上的调整。

在记叙自己曾经与他人聚餐的经历前，可以加上一个过渡句，起承上启下的作用，如The report reminds me of my dining experience with Tom's family.

在写自己的经历时，要注意记叙文的“六要素”：when/where/who/how/what/why。

在谈及自己的感受时要注意体会和启示要和事例相符合，不能脱节。在谈你对中国的餐桌习惯时，最好能明确表明自己的观点，也可加上简单的原因分析。

To guarantee a hygienic(卫生的) lunar New Year, Shanghai health authorities are inspecting and urging restaurants to serve food separately to guests, which is not eagerly accepted by either restaurants or diners.

The report reminds me of my dining experience with Tom's family.

My parents were away and I had to take care of myself. One day after school, Tom suddenly stopped me on my way to a small fast food restaurant, saying that he had noticed me eat out those days and insisting on taking me home to dine with him. Gratefully, I followed him home.

Tom's family, indeed, was very hospitable. For the whole meal, they kept busy working for me.

There was no such moment as silence for they talked and laughed even with their mouths full of food. Seeing me just eating from the two plates in front, Tom's grandparents, who sat beside me, constantly stood up and conveyed what was described as delicious into my bowl with their own chopsticks.

How embarrassed I was! Seeing their mouth water flying in the air and the food served in my bowl, I didn't know whether to eat it or not.

I do support the suggestion of Shanghai health authorities that we break with traditional Chinese table manners especially when dining with strangers because they can sometimes be really unhygienic.

Health or Wealth?

Which is more important, health or wealth? When given this question, different people have various answers. Some insist that health plays a more important role in our life, while others see more advantages arising from wealth.

The first group of people quote the old saying “Health is above wealth.” to prove their idea. They argue that, on one hand, a strong person can do almost anything as long as he/she tries hard. On the other hand, however, rich people will not be able to enjoy the wealth if their days are numbered.

In contrast, the advocates of wealth have such arguments as follows. For one thing, wealthy people will be able to buy more healthy foods. For another, they can enjoy better facilities to improve their health.

Take my neighbor as an example. He had a heart attack and is in hospital. However, he cannot afford the expensive operation, which costs as much as 100,000 yuan. Therefore, he has to lie in bed hopelessly. If he were a rich man, his life could be saved.

As far as I am concerned, both health and wealth are important to our life. We should try to strike a balance between them and gain wealth with a healthy body.

【写作内容】

假设你现在是学校健康周刊的记者，你要撰写一篇以健康为题的报道。

1．以约30字概括短文的内容。

2．就Health这个主题发表你的看法，至少包含以下内容要点，该部分的字数为120左右。

(1)你对健康的看法；

(2)如何保持健康；

(3)用你自己的做法说明如何保持健康。

【写作要求】

作文可使用实例或其他论述方式支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

________________________________________________________________________

One possible version：

Different people have different opinions on health and wealth, while the author considers keeping a balance between them most important.

Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy? In my opinion, it is essential to take some exercise every day. It strengthens the heart, reduces the chance of heart attack, and helps lower blood pressure.

That's why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercise. Through sports and exercise, people become healthier and stronger.

Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, so I usually eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork.

Meanwhile, getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one's health a great deal, and therefore should be given up.

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