高考英语微型课---独立主格结构

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March. (2007年山东卷) A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launchedthe most recent(spacecraft)__________ .

国家已经发射升空了三艘无人宇宙飞船，最近的一艘 去年三月底已经发射了。

解题思路：

The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March. (2007年山东卷) A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched

可用排除法(1) 题中的逗号前后没有连词，说明后面的不是并 列句；也没有which等关系代词，说明后面也不是 定语从句。排除A (2) 根据时间状语 at the end of last March 排除C Dhaving been launched是现在分词的完成式， 表示动作已经完成

类似题目

1.With no central government,the island was ruled by kings,_______ a different region of the country. A.each controlling B.each controlled C.each to control D.each was controlling 2.____, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 3.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

独立主格结构的概念

独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名 词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用 于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代 词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这 种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置 相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中， 常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是， 独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

独立主格结构的功能和用法 (1).名词/代词+现在分词

Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。

My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。

独立主格结构的功能和用法 (2).名词/代词+过去分词

This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 Homework finished, the boy went out to play. 作业完成之后，这个男孩出去玩了。

独立主格结构的功能和用法 (3)名词/代词+不定式

Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s. 两个男孩 彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。

独立主格结构的功能和用法

(4)名词/代词+形容词

An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

独立主格结构的功能和用法 (5)名词(代词)+副词

The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。

独立主格结构的功能和用法 (6)名词/代词+介词短语

The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着 门。

独立主格结构的功能和用法 (7)名词/代词+名词

His first shot failure,he fired again. 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。 Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

总结特点1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子 的主语不同，它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容 词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关 系。 3)两部分之间没有连接词连接。独 立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

反馈检测

(1)Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that【分析】此题很容易误选B,许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限 制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因 是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语 。

若选择B应该为 whose owner was seated in it

反馈检测

(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that(3) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that