动词的时态和语态

动词的时态

考点一

一般现在时

1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语 (1)概念：一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性发生的 动作或存在的状态。

(2)句式结构(肯定句)有以下四种：(对应一般现在时)句式结构 am/is/are+ 表语 there is/are 例 句 She is a beautiful girl. Her father is always on business. There is a schoolbag on the desk. There are five people in my family.

have (got)实义动词作 谓语

I have (got) two toys. She has (got) many friends. He gets up at six o'clock every day. She likes eating chocolate every night.

(3)常用的时间状语有：always(总是；一直), often(经 常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), hardly ever(几乎不), never(从不), every day(每天), every week(每星期), every month(每月), every year(每年)等。

2.第三人称单数的构成方式 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单 数形式，其变化规则同名词变复数。 (1)直接在词尾加s。 swim→swims, work→works, travel→travels,play→ plays, leave→leaves

(2)以字母 s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的，在词尾加es。 pass → passes, fix → fixes, teach → teaches , wash → washes, go→goes, do→does (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i 加es。 study→studies, fly→flies, cry→cries, carry→carries

Diana, together with her friends, Chinese in China. A. study C. studies 答案： C B. have studied D. are studying

3.一般现在时的用法小结 (1)表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常 与表频度的时间状语连用。 My mother often does housework. 我妈妈经常做家务。 My father goes to work every day. 我爸爸每天都去上班。

(2)描述现在的状态、能力、性格等。 She is very tired now. 她现在很累。 He speaks Russian very well. 他俄语讲得非常好。

(3)描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。 The light travels faster than the sound. 光比声音传播得快。 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 注意在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，但 从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时，从句依然用 一般现在时。

The teacher told us that the earth is round yesterday. 昨天老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 (4)在时间、 条件状语从句中， 用一般现在时表示将来。 I want to be a policeman when I grow up in the future. 我将来长大了要当一名警察。 I'll ring you up if he comes back tomorrow. 如果他明天回来，我会给你打电话。

If I ________ his phone number, I will tell you. A.found C.find 答案：C B.will find D.have found

(5)在以 here, there 开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替 现在进行时。 Here comes the bus! 汽车来了！ There goes the bell! 铃响了！ (6)一般现在时常出现在格言或警句中。 All roads

lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。 One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

考点二

一般过去时

1.概念、句式结构及常用的时间状语 (1)概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间所发生的动作 或存在的状态。