城市规划专业外语翻译考察

节选 城市设计 大四选修课考查试题

湖南师范大学树达学院2013—2014学年第一学期期末课程 经管系城市规划专业2010级专业外语考核试题

课程代码： 考核方式：考查 考试时量：不限时 试卷类型：文献翻译

1 必须是外文原文，文献有确定的去处；尽量是关于建筑或城市规划相关的外文文献。 2 下面两种形式可以任选一：

请根据下列关键词来选取文献:Urban Plan、Urbanization、Urban Geography、Population Geography、Cultural Geography、Introduction、Economic Geography、Transportation、Political Geography

（1）：每个学生自己选择某一文献翻译其中一部分成中文，中文字数500-800。

（2）：多个学生一起合作翻译某篇文献全文，平均每人的中文字数大于400。 3 其他

（1）词汇准确，语言通顺，准确表达原文的意思；

（2）提交英文原文和对照翻译的中文；

（3）提交的时间：2013年1月8日前。

4 总评成绩由平时成绩（20%）和翻译文献（80%）两部分组成。

节选 城市设计 大四选修课考查试题

The non-Pennsylvania town: diffusion of urban plan forms in the American West 作者：Michael P. Conzen

来源：The Geographical Review. 96.2 (Apr. 2006): p183. From Academic OneFile. 文章类型：Article

版权 :版权 2006 American Geographical Society

(节选)

As a test of these ideas, this study looks at urban morphogenesis in Oregon's

Willamette Valley from its frontier phase through the early twentieth century and examines the choices made in locating towns in the landscape and shaping their original urban plats. Rather than seeking to typify the total character of the region's towns, the study asks with what designs the towns in the area were first laid out and whether the patterns found might lend some distinctiveness to regional urban character. It focuses on what Zelinsky referred to as the "different cargoes of town-building ideas" (2005) carried westward on the tides of American settlement, and it asks whether these design ideas could coexist separately, or necessarily had to fuse with, or inevitably succumb to, concurrent or later-arriving competitors. It also considers the extent to which certain plan elements

become favored and survive in some localities long after their popularity in the wider world has passed.

作为这些想法的一个测试，这项研究着眼于发生在二十世纪早期阶段俄勒冈州的Willamette河流域边界的城市形态，并探讨定位城镇在景观方面做出的选择和修整他们原有的城市带。研究是问这片区域里的城镇第一次被布局编排时是什么设计，并且发现的样式是否能给区域城镇特征增加一些特殊性，而不是寻求代表该地区城镇的总体特征。它重点研究Zelinsky提到的向西输送了定居美国大潮的“不同承载量下的城镇建设思路”(2005)，而且它想问这些设计思路是否能够各自独立地共存，或是必定产生融合，或是不可避免地屈服于同时甚至后到达的竞争对手。它也考虑某些计划元素变得倾向并且在有些现场长期生存的程度，在他们的在更宽的世界的大众化通过了之后。研究还注意到广大地域中某些规划要素成为被支持的并且当他们不再广泛流行时还能在一些地方长久地留存下来。

Why should town plats merit study in this fashion? They embody the urban

community's most basic need for a minimally orderly spatial framework within which work, residence, and circulation can function, secured through a legally sanctioned

property-holding system tied to this spatial framework. In an American freehold

land-market context in which most towns, by the nineteenth century, were founded as speculative ventures, the location and plan features of a town--such as lot size,

orientation, public reserves, and access--could often spell the difference between initial success and failure. Plat designs could enhance or inhibit the marketability of lots and thus influence economic development. The durability of initial plat designs, given the

节选 城市设计 大四选修课考查试题

natural inertia inherent in the long-term multiplicity and fragmented pattern of ownership, can make the persisting elements of the plan in city centers--such as fixed street widths, small block size, and awkward intersection geometry--formidable obstacles to needed physical changes (Siksna 1997,1998). The initial layout of towns can be a boon to their evolution--or a costly set of shortsighted and enduring blunders. 为什么城镇地图值得以这种方式研究？他们体现都市社区对一个最低限度的有序的空间构架和其中工作，居住，及社交职能的基本需要，通过一个法律认可的所有权持有系统来维系这个空间构架的稳固。到19世纪，在美国的不动产土地市场环境下，大多数城镇都是作为投机产物产生的， 一个小镇的定位和规划面貌--例如规模、排列方向、公共设施和通路—通常意味着最初的成功和失败之间的差别。地图设计可以增加或抑制大量市场化，从而影响经济发展。最初的地图设计的耐久性，赋予固有的长期的多样性和所有权分散模式以自然惯性，能使这些持续存在于城市中心的规划要素--例如固定的街道宽度、很小的街区规模和尴尬的交叉口--成为必须物理改造的巨大障碍(Siksna 1997,1998)。城镇最初的规划可以是他们演化的福音—也可以是一次目光短浅而影响深远的昂贵失误。