化学专业英语试卷

学号： 姓名： 成绩:

一：把下列单词或词组译成英文（本题共 30 分，每小题 1 分）

1. Ni(ClO4)2 nickel perchlorate 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate

3. FeCl2 iron(2)chloride 4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate

5. Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate 6. Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate

7. MnO2 manganese dioxide 8. H2SO4

9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide 10. 六氰合铁（Ⅱ）酸钾

11. NaClO sodium hypochloride 12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite

13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide 14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate

15. KMnO4 patassium permangate 16. Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide

17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid 18. 磷酸根 phosphate

19. KCN patassium cyanide 20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷

21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷 2,3-dimethylpentane

5-methyl-4-propylnonaane 22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷

23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride 2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloctane

25. 中和neutralize 24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper

27. 比热容specific heat capacity 26. 滴定titration

29. 酸酐anhytride 28. 非电解质electrolyte

30. 配位化合物complex

compound

三. 把下列短文译成汉语（本题共 40 分，每小题 10 分）

1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.

没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围。没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆。不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物。我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机。我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分。没有药物来抵抗疾病，预期寿命将低得多。

2． The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules — can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of

such a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out.

探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识。也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换。因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型。这样一个模型的能力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构。此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式，不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的

3．Preparation of [Cu(en)2(cda)H2O]: H2cda （4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸）(0.020 g, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in water (10 mL) and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution (0.1 mol L-1), then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution (10mL) of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O (0.037g, 0.1mmol) and ethylenediamine (0.2 mmol) under stirring at room temperature. After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.

制备[CU(en)2(cda)H2O]:使0.020克,0.1mmol的4 -羟基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入0.1M氢氧化钠水溶液调整到pH值7 ~ 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O(0.037g,0.037mmol)的乙醇溶液和乙二胺(0.2mmol)，在室温下搅拌。在室温下，缓慢蒸发滤液，得到深蓝色晶体，用x射线分析它的结构

4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the

solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid.

用移液管吸取50ml醋加入到250毫升烧杯,加2滴酚酞指示剂。在滴定管中加入1M的氢氧化钠溶液，去除刻度线以上的溶液，将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中，并不断震荡，至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色。出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱，而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色。阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积。一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应。计算醋酸在醋的量。报告醋酸的百分比。