高中语法之反意疑问句与情态动词

一、 前面句子为肯定时，后面反意问句用否定。反，前面句子为否定时，后面句子用肯定。

Eg: He can’t swim, can he?

注：当前面句子中有no/never/seldom/hardly/few/little nowhere/nothing等否定意义的副词出现时，反意问句应用肯定。但如果前面句子中有加前缀或后缀后，而表示否定意义的词时（如: careless, impossible等时），反意问句应用否定。 Eg: 1) He seldom goes to see a film, ____?

2) He is always careless, ______?

二、当前面句子中有have(has/had) to 时，反意问句应用do 的相应的形式。

Eg : They had to leave early, ______?

三、 当前面句子中有used to 时，后面应用 usedn’t 或 didn’t

eg: He used to live in the countryside,_____?

四、 当前面句子中有 ought to 时， 应用 oughtn’t

五、 当前面句子中，有must 时，

1． 在must表示推测时，不用mustn’t，而根据句子所表示的时态来确定。

Eg: 1) You must be tired, _______?

2) He must have done it last night, _______?

3) Tom must have been to Shanghai before,_______?

4) .They must be writing now,____?

5) She must have a car/live there, _____?

6) Mother must have been shopping then, _____?

2. 在must表示禁止,“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.

eg: You mustn’t walk on grass, _____?

3.在must表示必须,有必要时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t

eg: You must go home right now, ____?

六、 当前面句子的主语是everyone/everybody/nobody/one/none 等不定代词时，反意问句的主语应用they; 当前面句子的主语是something/everything/nothing等不定代词时，反意问句的主语应用it.

七、 当主句为祁使句时，

一般情况：1）肯定的祁使句：will you/won’t you?

a)表示要求某人做某事时：will you?

b)表示征求某人意见时：won’t you?

2) 否定的祁使句：will you?

特例：

1） Let us go out for a walk, ______?

2） Let’s go out for a walk, _______?

八、 当主句存在否前移时，反意问句应根据从句的时态、人称，主句的肯否定。

Eg: I don’t think he can finish his homework in time, _______?

情 态 动 词

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

Need I/he/ ?

Yes,you/he/ must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/ ?

No,you/ he/ needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/ ?

No,you/ he/ mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you ?

Yes,I can (不用could)

Shall I/she/ he ?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式：

1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测：

1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语

例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等) 例如：She must have her own car, for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing

例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？

4.对已发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done

例如：There’s no light in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?

注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经 ”推测意。

例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics, for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词＋have done”用法

1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该 ”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。

例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang. last week, but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to: must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

2.can/could与be able to: can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

一、反意疑问句练习

1. If you want to learn about Liu Xiang, let me know， _____ you?

A． don’t B． will C． shall D． do

2. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe so many people are suffering from this tsunami, _____?

A. aren’t they B. are they

C. doesn’t she D. does she

3. I don’t think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _____?

A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he

4. --- Why is Tom absent?

--- He must be sick, _____?

A. isn’t he B. must he C. is he D. mustn’t he

5. It’s the first time that she has been to the United States, _____?

A. isn’t she B. isn’t it

C. hasn’t she D. hasn’t it

6. When the disaster struck, many people had no time to escape being killed, _____?

A. didn’t they B. did they

C. did it D. didn’t it

7. Nowadays in China some officers are unfit for their positions, _____?

A. are they B. aren’t they

C. don’t they D. do they

8. Protecting the South China tiger from dying out takes a long time, _____?

A. doesn’t it B. don’t they

C. does it D. do they

9. You’d better find some information about Nike’s “Chamber of Fear” advertisement, _____?

A. wouldn’t you B. had you

C. hadn’t you D. should you

10. Most students used to listen to their teachers in class and completely obey their teachers, _____?

A. used they B. weren’t they

C. didn’t they D. did they

11. I am very excited to know “S.H.E.”is going to sing at the CCTV Spring Festival Soiree, _____?

A. aren’t I B. am not I

C. aren’t you D. are you

12. I wish all the Chinese citizens to remember the Nanjing Massacre forever, _____?

A. don’t I B. can I C. may I D. may you

13. Let’s take action together to make our city more beautiful, _____?

A. won’t we B. don’t we C. shall we D. won’t you

14. There’s not much news about the missing mountain climbers in today’s newspaper, _____?

A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there

15. So you don’t want to enter for the 2005 college entrance examination, _____?

A. don’t you B. do you

C. won’t you D. will you

16. What a terrible tsunami, _____?

A. aren’t they B. are they

C. isn’t it D. is it

17. Everyone will believe New FIFA World Footballer Ronaldinho is a fighter against racism, _____?

A. will he B. won’t everyone

C. won’t he D. will they

18. The rescue team must have searched for the missing visitors two days ago, _____?

A. mustn’t they B. haven’t they

C. didn’t they D. hadn’t they

19. Something about stopping the strike will have to be done, _____?

A. won’t it B. will it C. has it D. does it

二、情态动词练习

1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.

A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken

C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken

2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.

A. not to be punished B. to not be punished

C. to not punished D. not be punished

3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.

A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked

C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking

4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.

A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone

5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.

A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been

6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.

A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed

7. The little girl _____ there alone.

A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go

8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”

A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t

9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.

A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing

10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come

11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A. can B. could C. would D. must

12. I _____ play football than baseball.

A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer

13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

A. may B. might C. could D. must

14. There was plenty of times. She _____.

A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried

C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried

15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.

A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given

16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not

17. It’s still early, you _____.

A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry

18. Please open the window, _____?

A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you

19. We _____ for her because she never came.

A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited

C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait

20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.

A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t