PeriodFour Grammar—TheRestrictiveandNon­RestrictiveAttributiveClauses

感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题

句1、3、6为非限制性定语从句；句2、4、5为限制性定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有逗号。

1．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同

(1)限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，它与主句关系十分密切，不用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。Theperson whom/who youwerelookingforisdownstairs.(限制性定语从句)

你找的那个人正在楼下。

ThisnotewasleftbyTom，who washereamomentago.(非限制性定语从句)

这个便条是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。

(2)限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。

Tomhadmadegreatprogress，which madeusveryhappy.

汤姆取得了很大的进步，这使我们很高兴。

(3)that可用来引导限制性定语从句，但一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句；限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略，在某些表示时间(year)、地点(place)、原因(reason)的词

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后，关系副词在口语中可省略；而非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。Ihavebeentothecitytwice(that/which) youjustvisited.

你刚参观完的那座城市我去过两次。

Idon’tliketheway (that/inwhich) youspeaktome.我不喜欢你对我讲话的方式。Thisistheplace (where) wemetyearsago.

这就是我们多年前相遇的地方。

Thereason (why/forwhich) hedidthatisquiteclear.

他那样做的原因是非常明显的。

(4)翻译时限制性定语从句通常被翻译到先行词的前面，而非限制性定语从句常常单独译成一句话放在主句之后，用来补充说明主句。

Thenewbicycle which/that mybrotherrideswasboughtthisyear.(限制性定语从句)

我哥哥/弟弟骑着的那辆新自行车是今年买的。

Mybrotherridesanewbike，which wasboughtthisyear.(非限制性定语从句)

我哥哥骑着一辆新自行车，这车是今年买的。

2．使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的事项

(1)当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句。从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant，which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我很心烦。

Thegirlisoftenlateforwork，whichmakes herbossangry.

这个女孩上班经常迟到，这使得她的老板很生气。

(2)as可引导先行词是整个主句的非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语。它引导的从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后，还可以位于主句中间。

Heisagreathero，as isdescribedinthereport.

正如在报道中描述的那样，他是一位伟大的英雄。(as作主语，位于主句之后)

As wehadexpected，theplanworkedoutverywell.

正如我们所预料的，这个计划进展得非常顺利。(as作宾语，位于主句之前)

单句语法填空

1．Thegovernmentstartedasoil­testingprogram that/whichgivesspecificfertilizerreco mmendationstofarmers.(2018·全国Ⅱ)

2．Kate，whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege，hasgonetoworkinAustralia.(2018·天津)

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3．Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyr ealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)

4．Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，whichisnotgoodforthehealth.

(2017·全国Ⅰ) 5．ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 6．Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

(2017·北京) 7．Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhose childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)

8．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.(2016·天津)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．InXi’an，Imetacollegestudent，whohadastrongloveforculturalrelics. 2．TheywenttoLondon，wheretheylivedforsixmonths.

3．Aswehadexpected，theboyfinallywonthefirstprize.

4．Hisbestmovie，whichwonseveralawards，wasaboutthelifeofGrandhi. 5．Wetakepityonthesechildren，whoseparentsdiedintheearthquake. 6．HegavehismotheracolorTVsetforherbirthday，whichpleasedheralot. 7．Sheisakindgirl，whooftenhelpsthoseintrouble.

8．Someofthemdon’tliketheactivity wheretheymustsitstill. 9．IwillarrivethereinOctober，whentherearefallenleavesontheground. 10．Thewomanalwaysshowsoffhernewclothes，whichmakesherhusbandangry.

Ⅱ.语法填空(用适当的关系词填空)

Theveryfilm11.thatiscalled Titanic issuchabeautifulandsadlovestory12.asispopul arwiththepublic,13.whoseheroandheroineareJackandRose.Roseisayoungbeautifulwomanw ith14.whomhermotherwenttoAmerica.Jack,15.whowonashipticketbyplayingcards，isapoorpainter.TheymetandfellinlovewitheachotheronTitanic16.wheretheyhadahappyti me.Sadly，thenicejourneywasdestroyedbyahugeice­b erg,17.whenJacklosthislifeforsavingRose(Ev eryonewillbemovedbytheselflesswayin18.which mostpeoplecan’tbehaveinreallife)．Be foreJackleftRoseforever，heencouragedRosetolivewellforhim.19.Asisknowntoall，loveisthestrongeststrength.Andthat’sthereason20.whyRosecouldlivealoneandtellust hemovingstory.

基础巩固

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Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空

1．Thisistheroomwheremygrandmausedtolive.

2．Thisistheroomthat/whichmygrandmausedtolivein. 3．MrGreensaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcitythathehadvisitedinChina. 4．Theboywhowasoftenabsentfromclasswaspresentattheparty.

5．Thisismyglasses，withoutwhich Ican’tseeclearly.

6．He，whoisyourgoodfriend，willofcoursetryhisbesttohelpyouout. 7．Thiswasthereasonwhyhetookapartthemachine. 8．Thisisthefarmwherewepickedappleslastyear. 9．DoyoustillrememberthesummerholidaywhenwemadeajourneytoBeijing? 10．Thefamoussinger，whoisfromBritain，hasanumberofdevotedfansinChina.

Ⅱ.完成句子

11．Asisknowntousall(众所周知)，booksarethesourceofknowledge. 12．Taobaoisawebsitewhereyoucanbuywhatyouwant (在那里你可以买到你想要的东西) atagoodprice.

13．Theschoolshop，whosecustomersaremainlystudents(其主要顾客是学生)，isclosedfortheholidays.

14．Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplewholosttheirlives(失去了他们的生命) inthetrafficaccident?

15．Thereasonwhyhemissedtheclass(他为什么缺课) wasquitedifferentfromtheonethatyouexplainedtome.

16．Itrainedhardyesterday，whichprevented/stoppedmefromgoingtothepark(这阻止了我去公园)．

能力提升

Ⅲ.完形填空

Oneday，onmywaytowork，IpulledintotheDunkinDonutsdrive­thru(汽车餐厅)．Iwastired，17andworriedaboutmoneyandbills—asusual.Iwas18thewomaninacarwitha“LifeIs19！”p ictureonthebackwindow.

Assheputherhandoutofthewindowto20，Isawherbeautifulnailsandthe21lookingjewelryonherarm.Herhair22likeshe’djustbeent othesalon.

Myenvy23kickedinandIstartedgrowling.“Mustbenice！”Andvariousothermean­spir itedthoughts24mymind.Iwasangrywithher25possessionsandher“LifeIsGood！”26.

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Whenitwasmyturntopay，the27toldmethattheladyinthecarhadpaidformy28！Iwastoldsheoftengoesthroughthedrive­thru，getsacupofcoffee，payswitha$20billand29theresttothosebehindherinline.

Ifeltgratefulandvery30ofmyjudgmentalattitude.Itriedtocatchupwithhertogiveher athank­youwave，31shedisappearedintotraffic.

Sincethen，Ihavedone32thingsonoccasion—payingthetollforsomeonebehindme，orbuyingalonelymanaThanksgivingmealatCrackerBarrel.Eachtime，Iremembertheladyinthecarandher33andrealiselittlethingsdo34adifferencebecausethey havethesameeffect.Nowmymothermakesa35ofbuyingmealsforpeopleinrestaurants，thankstothe36inthecar.Lifeisgood，indeed!

17．A.busy B．hungry

C．calm D．rich

答案 B

解析从第一段第一句“Oneday，onmywaytowork，IpulledintotheDunkinDonutsdrive­thru(汽车餐厅)．”可知，作者去的是汽车餐厅，故应是感觉“饿了”，所以此处要用hungry。

18．A.around B．in

C．behind D．to

答案 C

解析从后文可得知，作者的饭钱是那位女士提前付的，因此可以推知那位女士在作者的前面，而作者则是在她的后面，所以此处要用behind；第四段中的“behind her in line”也是提示。19．A.Terrible B．Sad

C．Difficult D．Good

答案 D

解析根据第三段中的“LifeIsGood！”可知，那位女士的车的后窗户上有一张写着“生活是美好的！”的图片，所以此处选D。

20．A.listen B．choose

C．pay D．watch

答案 C

解析那位女士买吃的东西，她把手伸出车窗外是为了“付款”，所以此处要用pay。listen

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听；choose选择；watch观看。

21．http://www.77cn.com.cnrge B．tall

C．expensive D．ordinary

答案 C

解析根据第三段中的“Mustbenice！”可知，那位女士戴的珠宝看起来很“昂贵”，所以此处要用expensive。

22．A.looked B．tested

C．tasted D．checked

答案 A

解析她的头发看起来好像刚去过美发厅一样。looklike看起来像，符合语境。

23．http://www.77cn.com.cntely B．slowly

C．immediately D．angrily

答案 C

解析从后面的“kickedinandIstartedgrowling”和“variousothermean­spiritedthoughts”可知，作者“立刻”有了嫉妒心，所以此处要用immediately。lately最近；slowly慢慢地；angrily愤怒地。

24．A.tookoff B．brokeinto

C．putoff D．wentthrough

答案 D

解析作者嫉妒那位女士，因此各种想法在心头闪过。gothrough经历，通过，符合语境。takeoff脱下，起飞；breakinto破门而入；putoff推迟。

25．A.material B．experience

C．knowledge D．space

答案 A

解析作者看到了那位女士的穿着，对她能拥有那么多的“物质”而感到气愤。所以此处要用material。experience经验，经历；knowledge知识；space空间，太空。

26．A.attitude B．mind

C．plan D．view

答案 A

解析“生活是美好的！”是那位女士的生活态度，所以此处要用attitude。mind思想，思维；plan计划；view观点。

27．A.driver B．cashier

C．cleaner D．guide

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答案 B

解析从前面的“Whenitwasmyturntopay”可知，作者要付款给收银员，所以此处要用cashier。driver司机；cleaner清洁工；guide向导。

28．A.order B．seat

C．ability D．quality

答案 A

解析那位女士已经为作者的点餐付了款。order点餐，符合语境。

29．A.offers B．borrows

C．counts D．settles

答案 A

解析从第五段第二句中的“giveherathank­youwave”可知，此处是指她把自己剩余的钱“提供”给排在她后面的人，所以要用offer。borrow借入；count计数；settle定居。30．A.ashamed B．frightened

C．disappointed D．surprised

答案 A

解析从空格后面的“judgmentalattitude”可知，作者为自己动辄指责人的态度而感到“羞愧”，所以此处要用ashamed。frightened恐惧的，害怕的；disappointed失望的；surprised惊讶的，吃惊的。

31．A.because B．but

C．if D．and

答案 B

解析作者想感谢那位女士，但是她在车流中消失了。此处是转折关系，所以要用but。32．A.polite B．similar

C．special D．private

答案 B

解析从后面的“payingthetollforsomeonebehindme”可知，作者也开始做类似的事情来帮助他人，此处要用similar。polite礼貌的；special特殊的，特别的；private私人的。33．A.sight B．disability

C．generosity D．possibility

答案 C

解析那位女士把自己剩余的钱用来帮助他人，所以作者能记住的是她的“慷慨”，所以此处要用generosity。sight视觉；disability残疾；possibility可能性。

34．A.produce B．buy

C．get D．make

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答案 D

解析makeadifference为固定搭配，意为“有关系，有影响”，所以此处要用make。35．A.line B．promise

C．record D．habit

答案 D

解析作者的母亲也养成了帮助别人的习惯。habit习惯，符合语境。

36．A.man B．lady

C．girl D．boy

答案 B

解析此处指那位乐于助人的女士，所以要用lady。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Several days ago，on my way home from work，my car had a tire blowout(轮胎爆裂)．It was nearly midnight and little traffic 37.(see) on the road.I called the roadside assistance(援助)．

Aboutanhourandaquarter38.mycarbrokedown，acarpulledover.39. gentlemanaskedmeifIwasOKandItoldhimI40.(wait)

forroadsideassistancetocome.Hethenparkedhiscaraheadofmineandoffered41.(change) mytireforme.Thiswasnotaneasytask.Theman42.(careful)

tookoffthetireandreplacedit.Oncethetirewaschanged，hesaidhewantedtofollowmetoanearbygasstationformy43.(safe)．Afterwearrivedatthega sstation，heaskedmetostayinmycar.Heputairinmytireandwewereallreadythen.IsaidthatIdidnothav emuchcash44.me，orIwouldgivehimsomefor45.(be) sohelpful.Hesaidhedidn’tdothatformoney.Iwas46.(luck) tomeetsokindapersonlikehim.

37．答案wasseen

解析考查时态和语态。这里是讲过去的事，且traffic与see之间是被动关系，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。

38．答案after

解析考查连词。after意为“在……之后”。这里表示在作者的车坏了的一小时十五分钟后。

39．答案 A

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解析考查冠词。gentleman是第一次提到的单数可数名词，故用a修饰，表泛指。

40．答案waswaiting

解析考查时态。句意为：我告诉他我正在等待援助。

41．答案tochange

解析考查非谓语动词。offertodosth.意为“主动提出做某事”。

42．答案carefully

解析考查副词。修饰动词词组要用副词形式。

43．答案safety

解析考查名词。这里是指为了作者的安全，要用名词作介词的宾语。

44．答案on

解析考查介词。on表示“在身上”。

45．答案being

解析考查非谓语动词。for是介词，后跟动名词形式。

46．答案lucky

解析考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语。

Ⅴ.读后续写

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Afarmergrewsomevegetablesinhisgarden.Onedayhiswifewasillandhehadnomoney.Heha dtosellsomecabbagesandcarrotsinthemarket.Thenextmorninghetooktwobasketsofvegetab lestotown.Butitwasraininghardthatafternoonandtherewerefewpeopleinthestreet.Whenh isvegetablesweresoldout, itwasdark.Heboughtsomemedicineandhurriedtohisvillage.

Onhiswayhomehesawapersonlyingonthesnow.Heplacedhisbasketsonthegroundandwasgo ingtohelpthepersontogetup.Atthattimehefounditwasadeadmanandtherewasmuchbloodonhi sbody.Hewassoafraidthatheranawayquickly, withouttakingthebasketswithhim.

Thenextafternoonthefarmerwassenttothepolicestation.Havingshownthebaskets, anofficerasked，“Aretheseyours？”“Yes, sir，”thefarmeransweredtimidly(胆怯地)．“Haveyou killedtheman？”“No, no, sir，”thefarmersaidinahurry.“Whendidyouseethedea dman？”“Aboutsevenlastevenin g.”“Didyouseewhokilledtheman？”“No, sir.”The officerbroughtoutaknifeandasked, “Haveyouseenityet？”“No, sir.”Theofficerbecameangryandtoldthepolicemento beathimupandsenthimintoprison.Th eofficerwantedtotrapthefarmerintotheconfession(供认), butthefarmerdidn’tadmithewasthe murderer.

注意：

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1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph1：

Theofficerwassoangrythatheaskedthepolicemantobeathimupagain.

Paragraph2：

Thefarmerwaslucky.Afewdayslater，

参考范文

Theofficerwassoangrythatheaskedthepolicemantobeathimupagain.Thefarmerwasvery afraid,forhethoughthewouldbesentencedtodeathbykillingpeople.Buthewasinnocent.Hew antedtotellpeoplethetruth,

butnoonecouldhearhisvoice.Hehopedthatsomeonecouldcomeandsavehim.

Thefarmerwaslucky.Afewdayslater，ayoungmancametothepolicestationwithalotofjournalists, sayingthathesawthemurderer.Itwasthepoliceofficerwhokilledthemanonthesnow！Hesawthepoliceofficerusedaknifekillingthemanlateintheevening.Hewasveryfrightened andranaway.Buttheyoungmanthoughtthefarmerwasinnocent.Sohetookthegreatcouragetoex posetherealcriminal.Aftertheinvestigation,

theyoungmanwasright.Thepoliceofficerwassentintoprisonandthepolicemanwhobeatupthe farmerwasfired, andthebraveyoungmanwasregardedastheherobythevillagers.

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