外刊经贸知识选读 翻译4

自考用书

Lesson 4 The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective
(Excerpts)
世 界 经 济
经济概况：全球总览

In 1991,for the second year in a row, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated, as measured by an increase in per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Aggregate output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2 per cent during 1991 (similar to the weak performance of 1990), implying an easing in per capita income of 0.1 per cent.
1991年，以人均国内生产总值（GDP）的增长来衡量，中低收入国家的经济如前一年一样，实际上仍处于停滞状态。1991年（与1990年的不景气状况相似），发展中国家的总产量的增长率略低于2%，这意味着其人均收入降低了0。1%。

Aggregate statistics for 1991 were influenced by the sharp decline in output in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as by the adverse effects of the Gulf crisis on several economies in the Middle East. Excluding Central and Eastern Europe, growth in developing countries in 1991 was 3.4 per cent, compared with 3.8 per cent during the 1980s. Estimates of GDP growth by major geographic region show an acceleration in Latin America and in sub-Saharan Africa; an increase in China’s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.

1991年的总统计数据，不仅受到了海湾危机对中东几个国家的经济的有害作用的影响，而且也受到了中、东欧国家的产量的急剧下降的影响。除去中、东欧国家，发展中国家1991年的经济增长率是3。4%，而其八十年代的增长率是3。8%。对大地理区域的国内生产总值的增长情况的评估显示，拉丁美洲和撒哈拉沙漠以南地区是加速增长；中国之增长率的上升使东亚地区的高增长率得以保持。

International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991. The seven major industrial countries (the G-7) experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth—from 2.8 per cent in 1990 to 1.9 per cent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in continental Europe and Japan. In important respects, the slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. Rather than reflecting the effect of disinflationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983. In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in
investment spending.

1991年，发展中国家经济发展的国际环境恶化了。由于加拿大、英国、美国的经济持续出现衰退，欧洲大陆和日本的经济增长速度放慢，七大工业国家（七国集团）的国内生产总值的增长明显减缓——由1990年的增长2。8%降为1991年的增长1。9%。在

自考用书

数个重要方面，这一增长的减缓与七十年代和八十年代所出现的减速不同。需求疲软并不是反通货膨胀的后果，更多的则是由于失去了从1983年就开始的长期扩展时期所形成的动力。此外，许多工业化国家经济发展减速的一个共同的基本因素，是周期性的投资下降。

Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest rates—a positive development for many developing countries—it also contributed to a drop of over 6 per cent in non-oil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 per cent, in the growth of world trade. These trends were compounded by worsening economic conditions in the Soviet Union and its successor states, where a growing shortage of foreign exchange led to a compression of imports from Eastern Europe and an acceleration of certain commodity exports (aluminum, gold and lead, for instance) to earn hard currencies.

虽然美国的需求疲软导致了美元的短期利率降低——对许多发展中国家来说是个好消息——但它也使非石油商品的价格降低了6%以上，使世界贸易的增长率降低为3%。苏联及其后所建立的各共和国的经济形势正在恶化，它们的外汇日益短缺，使其减少了从东欧的进口，也使其加速出口某些初级产品（如铝、金和铅等）以赚取硬通货。这些情况使上述趋势更加复杂化了。

Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991—which carried over in 1992—was especially noteworthy. This improvement is attributable, in part, to the implementation by many governments of measures to stabilize their economies and restructure incentives to encourage private initiative and international trade. Policy reforms in Latin America helped to moderate inflation and domestic demand; East Asian economics, supported by growth in export volume in the range of 10 per cent and by robust domestic demand, continued to grow rapidly. Sub-Saharan Africa raised its real GDP growth rate from 1.3 per cent in 1990 to 2.4 per cent in 1991.

在这种恶化的全环背景下，1991年——一直持续到1992年——少数发展中地区在经济效益方面的提高尤其引人瞩目。这一进步部分可归因于，许多政府采取了稳定其经济及调整政策以鼓励私人积极性和国际贸易的措施。拉丁美洲的政策调整有助于缓解通货膨胀和国内需求；东亚经济在出口量增长10%和强有力的国内需求的推动下，继续迅速增长。撒哈拉以南非洲使其国内生产总值的实际增长北由1990年的1。3%升至1991年的2。4%。

Also noteworthy was the implementation by the Paris Club of a new me …… 此处隐藏：23227字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……