国际法双语课件4[1]._Population_in_Intern...

国际法双语课件

第三章 国际法上的个人Population in international law 第一节 国籍 Nationality Nationality 第二节 外国人的法律地位 Legal Status of Aliens 第三节 引渡和庇护 Extradition and Asylum

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

一、国籍的概念 Concept of Natinality Nationality, in law, condition or status of belonging to, or having legal identity with, a nation or state. 国籍是指一个人隶属于某一个国家的国民或公民的法律资 格，是一个人同某一特定国家的固定的法律联系，也是国家 对本国人实行管辖或保护的法律依据。 国籍的法律意义 1. 是个人属于某一国家的国民或公民的资格。 2. 是个人与国家的稳定的法律联系。这种联系的主要表现是 个人享有国家宪法法律规定的权利和承担相应的义务。 3. 是国家行使属人管辖权的法律依据或纽带。国家行使外交 保护权的依据。If a state expels a person from its territory, only the state of which the person is a national is obligated to receive him.

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

In various political systems a distinction is made between nationality and citizenship; the latter represents a higher political status, usually involving rights to full participation in governmental affairs.

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

国籍法nationality law the branch of law concerned with the questions of nationality and citizenship, and how these statuses are transmitted, acquired, or lost. The law of each state primarily determines who are its nationals.内容 不外乎国籍的取得、丧失或变更。 各国国籍法的立法方式 legislation style 1.在宪法中规定。最早是法国1791年宪法； 2.单行法方式。最早-1842.12普鲁士国籍法,当今大多数国 家采取 关于国籍的公约 1930 年《关于国籍法冲突的若干问题海牙公约》 1954年《关于无国籍人地位的公约》 1957年《已婚妇女国籍公约》 1961年《减少无国籍状态公约》

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

二、国籍的取得 the acquisition of nationality By one rule of international customary law, a person who is born within a state's territory and subject to its jurisdiction acquires that state's nationality by the

fact of such birth. By another rule, one has anationality as an inheritance from one or both of one's parents. States vary in the use of the two principles.

(一)因出生取得国籍 On basis of birth 绝大多数人取得国籍的方式。称为原始国籍或固有国籍 inherent nationality。血统原则、出生地原则、混合原则

国际法双语课件

第3章

第一节 国籍 Nationality

1.血统原则 jus sanguinis, or blood rule

the principle in which a child born in a country s territorialjurisdiction acquires that country‘s nationality (Ex: United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Fran

ce [including in its overseas dependencies]). 单系血统原则 Nationality law in continental Europe is historically based upon the Napoleonic Code which established that for purposes of nationality, that of the father was primary. For many years, therefore, in Europe and in former European colonies, women could not transmit their nationality to their children born in wedlock.

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

Many of these laws have since been changed, with theArab states being an exception. In some Arab states, women married to foreigners cannot transmit their nationality to their children. 双系血统原则

2.出生地原则 jus soli (right of the territory ) either the father or mother must normally be a citizen of the country in question in order for the child to be a citizen (e.g. Israel, Switzerland). 在历史上曾经大量吸收移民的美洲国家，为了使大批移民所 生子女成为其国民，以增加本国人口，大都采取出生地原则。

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

(二)因加入取得国籍 On basis of being

naturalized

狭义：仅指“申请入籍” naturalization ,即外 国人或无国籍人按照一国的法律规定，通过本人 自愿申请，得到批准而取得该国国籍； 广义：除包括申请入籍外，还包括个人因符合一 国的法定条件而自动取得该国国籍，如婚姻、收 养等。因加入取得的国籍称为继有国籍。

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍 Nationality

1.申请入籍 Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship or nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born. 各国国籍立法均有申请入籍(旧称归化)的规定。一个国 家是否允许外国人申请入籍，允许具备什么条件的人入籍， 属该国国内管辖事项。外国人只有申请的权利，国家可以 拒绝外国人的申请而无须说明任何理由，国家没有批准外 国人入籍申请的义务。 多数国家都明确规定入籍必须具备的条件，如年龄、居住 期限，有的国家还规定了文化程度、财产状况、行为能力、 宗教、政治信仰等方面的条件。美国规定的入籍条件是： 年满18岁、在美国连续居住至少满五年、道德品质良好、 有一般阅读和写作英语的能力、理解和拥护美国政府体制 和美国宪法上的各项原则。

国际法双语课件

第3章第一节

国籍

Nationality

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