英汉语言文化对比

Unit two 英汉语言文化对比 (译论专题)

合肥工业大学《英汉翻译技巧》

It

was about half past eleven when it happened. I was just walking out of the local library, having unsuccessfully sought employment there, when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me. I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. At first I thought it was some kind of joke. But then another policeman appeared, this time in uniform, and I was left in no doubt.上外大学英语精读book3P2

Why

do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn’t want to be considered for an administration position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.

美国人所受的教育是长大后追求金钱和权力，很明显行政职位是实现这一目标的途径。 而我却不想做行政工作，他们因此很困惑。 美国人所受的教育是长大后追求金钱和权力，我却不想要这一明显是向此目标迈进的 工作，因此他们很困惑。

上外大学英语精读book3P45

For

me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweatypalm, because I’m always nervous before I enter the classroom… Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.对我来说，教书是一个令人敖红双眼、手掌出汗、精神沮丧的职业。

说精神沮丧，这是因为我1小时后走出教室，确信这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。 上外大学英语精读book3P45

In high school, I enjoyed and profited from well-taught science and math classes, but looking back, I can see that the classes that emphasized language and writing skills were just as important for the development of my scientific career as were science and math.William D. Phillips, the Nobel Prize Winner in Physics in 1997

上高中时，我从精彩的科学和数学课上得到快 乐和收获，但回想起来，那些重点培养语言 和写作技巧的课程，对我后来拓展自己的科 学生涯，和科学和数学课一样重要。

英汉语言对比 英语属于印欧语系(Indo-European

Family ),是 一种拼音文字，单词没有四声，但句子可以有 不同的声调；而汉语属于汉藏语系(SinoTibetan Family ),是一种表意文字，音节有四 声变化，语调也很丰富； 1.三个人品字式坐下，随便谈了几句。(茅盾： 《子夜》) The three men sat down facing each other and began casually chatting.In Chinese “品字式” is a vividly figurative expression indicating the sitting position of the three men. But due to the morphological differences between Chinese and English,

we have to abandon the unique image

中国人饮茶，最注重一个“品”字。 The tea-drinking practice in China can be best summarized in one word, namely, “savoring”.

Savoring is the single most important key word for Chinese tea-drinking practice.

2.假使订婚戒指是落入圈套的象征，纽扣也是扣留 不放的预兆。 (《围城》) If the engagement ring were a symbol of the trap one had fallen into, button sewing was likewise an omen of being tied down. In Chinese, “扣” is a homonym. If it is used as a noun, it means “a button”; if it is a verb, it refers to “chain, lock up, or bind up”. But due to the differences of two language systems, the humorous effect created by Ch’ien’s creative use of homonyms is lost.

英语是一种形合(hypotaxis)的语言，而汉语是一

种意合(parataxis)的语言；形合的语言是指该语 言主要通过词本身的形态变化来表达语法意义 (格，数，时等)。所谓“意合”主要是靠句子 内部逻辑联系。 She is doing her homework.她正在做作业。 She has done her homework.她已经做了作业。 She did her homework yesterday.她昨天做了作业。著名汉语语言学家王力教授说过：“西洋语法是硬的，没有 弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。 所以中国语法以达意为 主”,“英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章往往 化整为零。”

一 英汉句子结构差异 1.严谨与简洁 英语的句子结构十分严谨，无论多长的句子也只有 一个主句，一个从句或若干从句，一环套一环。主 句与从句之间，从句与从句之间必须有连词，关系 代词或关系副词联结。汉语则十分简洁。句子没有 主句与从句之分，句子之间也不需要连词。句子可 以没有动词，也可以没有名词，更不需要介词，但 意义十分明确。所以，有人指出：“The English are proud of the preciseness of their language, while we Chinese are proud of the conciseness of our mother tongue.”

When a rat is seen running across the street, everyone calls “kill it”. 过街老鼠，人人喊打。 As long as the green mountains are there, one should not worry about firewood.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧

英语表达复杂思想时，往往是开门见山，然后 借助英语特有词汇关系代词进行空间搭架，把 各个子句有机地结合起来，构成一串葡萄似的 句子。主干可能很短，上面却果实累累。

The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 这是一个典型的英语句子。看起来似乎很长， 实际上是个简单句。只有一个主语，一个谓 语。全句共有9个名词，5个介词。 译成汉语：由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村 …… 此处隐藏：2934字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……