高中英语语法分类讲解：句子成分

简单句,并列句,复合句的讲解。

语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句

一、句子成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） often speak English in class.（代词）

（数词）

in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）

Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）

（名词化的形容词）

has not been decided.（主语从句）

is necessary （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You the book for two weeks. He（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：

Our teacher of English is an （名词）

Is it yours?（代词）

The weather has turned .（形容词）

The speech is

Three times seven is ?（数词）

His job is to teach English.（不定式）

His hobby（爱好）is （动名词）

The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）

Time is （副词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）

The heavy rain prevented （代词）

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）

They helped with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）

He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）

I enjoy （动名词短语）

简单句,并列句,复合句的讲解。

I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：

His father named him Dongming.（名词）

They painted their boat .（形容词）

Let the fresh air in.（副词）

You mustn’t force him

We saw her （现在分词）

We found everything in the lab.（介词短语）

We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a （形容词）

China is a （分词）

There are thirty（名词）

（代词）

Our monitor is always the first.（不定式短语）

The （动名词）

He is reading an article .（介词短语）

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels （副词及副词性词组）

He has lived in the city .（介词短语）

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room

Wait .（名词）

（状语从句）

状语种类如下：

How about meeting again （时间状语）

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）

I shall go there （条件状语）

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）

She put the eggs into the basket （方式状语）

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）

（目的状语）

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）

She works very hard （让步状语）

I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

简单句,并列句,复合句的讲解。

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 3. I shall answer your question after class. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 16. Would you please tell me your address? 19. He noticed a man enter the room.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights …… 此处隐藏：13656字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……