高中英语语法解析---名词性从句

很清楚的解析

高中英语语法解析---名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一． 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

引导主语从句的连词有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose

1.常规主语从句，既复合句在句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句

(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.

(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

(3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.

(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.

(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.

(6)What we need is time.

(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.

(8)Whatever you did is right.

注：连词位于句首不能省略

2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较（为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末）

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。

c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）

3. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句

It is a fact that 事实是

It is an honor that 非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that 是常识

(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句

It is natural that 很自然

It is strange that 奇怪的是

(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句

It seems that ☆ 似乎

It happened that ☆ 碰巧

It appears that ☆ 似乎

(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句

It is reported that 据报道

It has been proved that 已证实

很清楚的解析

It is said that 据说

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：

（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

（2）It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.

（3）It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.

错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

a) What you said yesterday is right.

b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句, 例如：

I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。

注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略:

①that从句位于句首时，that不可省略:

That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

②that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。

I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。

③当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。

Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.亚伯拉罕 林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。

④that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略:

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

⑤主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。

When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。

⑥当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。(只有第一个可省略）

很清楚的解析