植物类胡萝卜素生物合成及其调控与遗传操作(6)

发布时间:2021-06-05

216

ChineseAgriculturalScienceBulletinVol.23No.112007November

http://www.casb.org.cn

Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,2001,385:47-52.[7][8]

基因在拟南芥中组成型超量表达,导致叶黄素循环中的玉米黄质含量增加了2倍,从而提高了转基因植株对强光和高温胁迫的耐受性[75]。

4结论与展望

综上所述,植物类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的主要基因和酶均已被分离和鉴定,并且植物类胡萝卜素基因工程也取得了可喜的进展,尤其是“黄金大米”和“金色油菜”的获得极大地增强了人们开展植物类胡萝卜素基因工程的信心。然而,目前人们对植物体内类胡萝卜素生物合成的调控机制以及类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的表达调控机制还不甚清楚,还有一些问题有待进一步研究,如复杂类胡萝卜素的末端基团、甲基基团及多烯烃链的额外修饰过程;植物类胡萝卜素代谢途径与萜类化合物等其它物质代谢途径的相互作用关系;植物内源类胡萝卜素合成基因在植物中表达的分子信号调控机制;外源基因导入对植物内源类胡萝卜素基因表达及其它萜类化合物的影响;目前仍未有进入大田生产的转类胡萝卜素合成酶基因植株等。此外,由于植物类胡萝卜素是在质体中合成的,如何增加器官或组织中质体的数量和(或)大小,以及植物类胡萝卜素合成酶基因的顺式作用组件(如启动子和增强子等)和反式作用因子等的研究,对于减少植物类胡萝卜素遗传工程的盲目性也具有重要意义。

随着越来越多的类胡萝卜素基因被分离、鉴定和遗传转化效率的提高,利用基因工程手段提高类胡萝卜素在细胞中的生产率、调整类胡萝卜素的成分、改变生产类胡萝卜素的宿主等,都将逐步变成现实,会有越来越多的类胡萝卜素含量高的转基因植物诞生。

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