Using the orthogonal array with grey relational analysis to optimize the laser hybrid welding of a 6

Usingtheorthogonalarraywithgreyrelationalanalysis983

Table3

Factor

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

WeldtestresultPreliminarysettingandweldtestresultWeldingparameterWeldingwiretypeShieldinggasLaserpower(kW)Laserfocus(mm)Travellingspeed(mm/s)Weldingwirefeedrate(m/min)Rootopeningtolerance(mm)Voltage(V)PreliminarysettingER4043He3.50805.7012.6

Fig.2Experimentalweldingset-up(a)laserhead,(b)

GMAWtorch,(c)weldjigUltimatetensilestrength(MPa)231.86–1.77

Table4

Factor

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

HParametersWeldingparametersandtheirlevelsLevel1ER5356None30804.5010Level2ER4043Ar3.5À0.51205.70.212.6Level3–He4À11606.50.515WeldingwireShieldinggasLaserpower(kW)Laserfocus(mm)Travelingspeed(mm/s)Weldingwirefeedrate(m/min)Rootopeningtolerance(mm)Voltage(V)

Table5

Group

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18FactorA111111111222222222FactorB111222333111222333ExperimentallayoutusingL18orthogonalarrayFactorC123123123123123123FactorD123123231312231312FactorE123231123312312231FactorF123231312231123312FactorG123312231231312123FactorH123312312123231231

parametersusingTaguchi’sorthogonalarray

approach.Interactionsbetweenweldingparameters

wereneglectedinthisstudy.AnL18(21·37)orthogo-

nalarraytablewasconsultedaboutwhichexperi-

mentstoconduct.Eachexperimentwasrepeated

threetimestoensureanaccurateresult.Theexperi-

mentallayoutadoptedusingtheL18orthogonalarray

isshowninTable5.

JEM1070ÓIMechE20083DETERMINATIONOFTHEOPTIMUMWELDINGPARAMETERS3.1GreyrelationalanalysisTheexperimentaldataarenormalizedbeforegreyrelationalanalysisisperformed.Thethreeexperi-mentalresultsfortheultimatetensilestrength

wereProc.IMechEVol.222PartB:J.EngineeringManufacture