注会-会计英语讲义(9)

会计英语基础讲义

investments in associates; (3) investments in joint ventures; and (4) ordinary equity investments

2．长期股权投资的后续计量 subsequent measurement

Cost method（成本法） Equity method （权益法）

第七章 无形资产 Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are business assets that have no physical form. There are two types of intangible assets：those that are purchased and those that are internally generated. R&D costs fall into the category of internally-generated intangible assets, and are therefore subject to specific recognition criteria.

Recognition

An intangible asset is to be recognized if, and only if, the following criteria are met： ●it is probable that future economic benefits from the asset will flow to the entity ●the cost of the asset can be reliably measured.

Research phase

It is impossible to demonstrate whether or not a product or service at the research stage will generate any probable future economic benefit. As a result, all

expenditure incurred at the research stage should be written off to the income statement as an expense when incurred, and will never be capitalised as an intangible asset.

Development phase

An intangible asset arising from development must be capitalised if an entity can demonstrate all of the following criteria：

●the technical feasibility（技术可行性） of completing the intangible asset (so that it will be available for use or sale)

●intention to complete and use or sell the asset

●ability to use or sell the asset

●existence of a market or, if to be used internally, the usefulness of the asset

●availability of adequate technical, financial, and other resources to complete the asset

●the cost of the asset can be measured reliably.

Treatment of capitalized development costs

Once development costs have been capitalized（资本化）, the asset should be

amortised（摊销） in accordance with the accruals concept（应计制） over its finite life（有限寿命）. Amortisation must only begin when commercial production has commenced (hence matching the income and expenditure to the period（使当期收入与支出配比） in which it relates). Each development project must be reviewed at the end of each accounting period to ensure that the recognition criteria are still met. If the criteria are no longer met, then the previously capitalised costs must be written off to the income statement immediately.

Example：Forkbender Co develops and manufactures exotic cutlery and has the following projects in hand.