international cargo transportation

本科国际货物运输考点

国际货物运输特点 Complicated procedures A number of parties involved Timely

Longer supply chain International

Different jurisdiction & administration High risks

parties concerned with ICT国际货物运

输的相关当事人

Features of chartering shipping租船运输

的特点

Full load displacement重排水量（满载

排水量） (⊿s) =

Light ship weight(⊿1)+ full load +

∑G+ C

∑G: Reserved materials for operation

of vessel

C: Disposal and marine living things on the hull

Free board

The distance from the centre of the ring of load line marks to the upper edge of the deck-line

The longer free board, the more reserved buoyancy

Interantional conventions concerned with

B/L有关提单的国际惯例 1.Hague Rules Background

Abuse of the carrier’s stronger bargaining position during the nineteenth century

Protecting cargo owners from widespread exclusion of liability by sea carriers

Formulated in 1924 of the Hague Rules based on Harter Act

2.The Hague/Visby Rules

Amendment of basic provisions to the Hague Rules

Minimum obligations of the carrier Maximum immunities of the carrier (1) Limit of liability

(2) It shall become conclusive when the bill has been transferred to a third party (3) Immunity from tort action (4) Himalaya clause (5) Time bar of claim

(6) Application of the Rules 3.The Hamburg Rules

Substantial revisions to the Hague Visby Rules were adopted in 1978 at an international conference in Hamburg.

There has been a great deal of opposition to the Hamburg Rules form traditional ship owning nations including the UK do not perceive them as sufficiently generous to the carrier.

The Hamburg Rules were introduced under the auspices of the UN to take account of the perceived requirements of developing nations

LCLs

Legal governance of ICT

Categories of chartering market

Tramp shipping accounts for 75% of international carriage of goods by sea in terms of volume Oil shipping Liquid bulk

Dry/bulk shipping Ore, coal, grain

Specified cargo shipping

Roll on/roll off; reefer ship; heavy lift carrier

Features of liner shipping班轮运输特点 1.It has regular time,voyage routes,ports and freight.

2.The shipping company is responsible for the operation ofloading and discharge and all fee are included.

3.Shipper and carrier don't need to sign chartering contract.It just depends on the

本科国际货物运输考点

documentary signed by shipping company to cope with the problems. 4.It is convenient for the consignee to take delivery of

the goods at regular warehouse in the wharf.

Trim平仓

Difference between draft by head and draft by stern Even keel Trim by stern Trim by head

Seaworthiness适航

Tight, staunch, strong and in every way fitted for the service

Competence and adequacy of the crew Sufficiency of fuel and other suppliers

Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation

documents concerned with international

cargo transport单据

5.公路、铁路、内河运输单据(road,rail or waterway transport documents) 4.空运单(air transport document)

3.运输行出具的多式运输单据(multimodal transport documents issued by freight forwarders)

2.租船提单(charter party B/L)

1.海运提单(marine/ocean bill of lading) 是货物的承运人或其代理人在收到货物后签发给托运人的一种证件。

shipped或on board

单据表面须有已装上船的具体船名

应载明信用证规定的装运港和目的港。 提单( B/L)的性质 货物收据Receipt for goods 承运方与托运方之间的运输契约的证明 contract for delivery 物权凭证 title document

Breakpoint

Weight volume

Chargeable weight Chargeable unit based on international unit system

Ton or m3 1m3 = 1 ton

Disponent owner二船东

Categories of air freight rates空运费率

分类

Main international container transport

routes

Trans-Pacific route Trans-Atlantic route Middle-East → Far East Far East → Europe

meaning of hire

cancelling clause解约条款

laytime and layday

Time on demurrage or time saved= Time used – time allowed

Demurrage = time on demurrage x

demurrage rate

Despatch = time saved x despatch

rate

Despatch half demurrage

Fixture Note租船确认书

Chargeable weight计费重量 Sea transport freight charge 海运费用 Full car load (FCL)整车货物 Less than car load (LCL)零担货物 consignment note运单

本科国际货物运输考点

Types of container集装箱形式

General purpose container (GP), Standard dry cargo container accounted for 85% of cargo contained, Specialized containers, Bulk container, Refrigerated container (RF), Frame container, Open-top container (OT), Platform-based container, Tank container (TK)

Full container load (FCL)整箱货是指货

方自行将货物装满整箱以后，以箱为单位托运的集装箱。 Less than container load (LCL)拼箱货是

指承运人（或代理人）接受货主托运的数量不足整箱的小票货运后，根据货类性质和目的地进行分类整理。把去同一目的地的货，集中到一定数量拼装入箱。由于一个箱内有不同货主的货拼装在一起，所以叫拼箱。 Equipment interchange receipITO联运

经营人

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