2014年美国化学竞赛初赛试题及答案

2014 U.S. NATIONAL

CHEMISTRY OLYMPIAD

LOCAL SECTION EXAM

Prepared by the American Chemical Society Chemistry Olympiad Examinations Task Force

OLYMPIAD EXAMINATIONS TASK FORCE

Arden P. Zipp, Chair, State University of New York, Cortland, NY (deceased)

James Ayers, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO

Mark DeCamp, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI

Marian DeWane, Centennial High School, Boise, ID

Xu Duan, Holton-Arms School, Bethesda, MD

Valerie Ferguson, Moore High School, Moore, OK

Julie Furstenau, Thomas B. Doherty High School, Colorado Springs, CO

Kimberly Gardner, United States Air Force Academy, CO

Paul Groves, South Pasadena High School, South Pasadena, CA

Preston Hayes, Glenbrook South High School, Glenbrook, IL (retired)

Adele Mouakad, St. John's School, San Juan, PR (retired)

Jane Nagurney, Scranton Preparatory School, Scranton, PA

Ronald Ragsdale, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

DIRECTIONS TO THE EXAMINER

This test is designed to be taken with an answer sheet on which the student records his or her responses. All answers are to be marked on that sheet, not written in the booklet. Each student should be provided with an answer sheet and scratch paper, both of which must be turned in with the test booklet at the end of the examination. Local Sections may use an answer sheet of their own choice.

The full examination consists of 60 multiple-choice questions representing a fairly wide range of difficulty. Students should be permitted to use non-programmable calculators. A periodic table and other useful information are provided on page two of this exam booklet for student reference.

Suggested Time: 60 questions—110 minutes

DIRECTIONS TO THE EXAMINEE

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL DIRECTED TO DO SO.

This is a multiple-choice examination with four choices for each question. There is only one correct or best answer to each question. When you select your choice, blacken the corresponding space on the answer sheet with your pencil. Make a heavy full mark, but no stray marks. If you decide to change your answer, be certain to erase your original answer completely.

Property of ACS USNCO – Not for use as USNCO Local Section Exam after March 31, 2014

Distributed by the American Chemical Society, 1155 16th Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036

All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

CONSTANTS

amount of substance n Faraday constant

F

molar mass

M

R = 8.314 J•mol –1•K –1

ampere A free energy

G mole mol

atmosphere

atm

frequency

ν Planck’s constant

h

R = 0.0821 L•atm•mol –1•K –1 atomic mass unit u gas constant

R pressure

P

1 F = 96,500 C•mol –1

Avogadro constant N A

gram

g rate constant

k

1 F = 96,500 J•V –1•mol –1 Celsius temperature °C

hour

h reaction quotient Q

centi – prefix c joule

J second

s N A = 6.022 ⨯ 1023 mol –1 coulomb C

kelvin

K

speed of light

c

h = 6.626 ⨯ 10–34 J•s

density

d kilo – prefix

k

temperature, K

T

c = 2.998 ⨯ 108 m•s –1

electromotive force

E liter

L time

t

energy of activation E a measure of pressure mm Hg vapor pressure VP 0 °

C = 273.15 K enthalpy H milli – prefix m volt V 1 atm = 760 mm Hg

entropy

S

molal

m

volume

V

equilibrium constant K

molar M

EQUATIONS

E = E o

- RT ln Q

⎛ -∆H ⎫⎛ 1 ⎫

⎛ k ⎫ E ⎛ 1 1

⎫ nF ln K =

⎪

⎪ + constant

ln 2

⎪ =

a

-

⎪

k

R

T T

⎝ R ⎭⎝ T ⎭

⎝ ⎭

⎝

⎭

1

1 2

1

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

18

1A 8A 1

2

H 2

13 14 15 16 17 He 1.008 2A

3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003

3

4

5 6 7 8 9

10

Li

Be

B

C

N O

F

Ne

6.941 9.012

10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00

19.00 20.18 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar

22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 8B 8B

1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni

Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

39.10 40.08

44.96 47.88 50.94

52.00

54.94

55.85

58.93

58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61

74.92 78.96

79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

85.47 87.62

88.91 91.22 92.91

95.94

(98)

101.1

102.9

106.4 107.9 112.4

114.8 118.7

121.8 127.6

126.9 131.3 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

132.9 137.3

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