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重要的水利资源。世界四大文明古国之一的埃及，就是在尼罗河的哺育下，发展了其光辉灿烂的古文化。

根据自然条件的差异，一般把埃及分为4个地区——尼罗河流域及尼罗河三角洲地区、西部沙漠地区、东部沙漠地区、西奈半岛地区。开罗以南是宽约3~16千米的尼罗河绿色长廊，一般称为上埃及。开罗以北称为下埃及。亚历山大和塞得港之间是尼罗河三角洲的冲积平原，面积约2万~4万平方千米。过去，尼罗河每年定期泛滥，给三角洲带来肥沃的冲积物。这里是埃及古文化的发祥地，是全国最重要的经济活动地区，埃及绝大部分人口集中于此，也是世界上人口最密集的地区之一。

尼罗河以西的西部沙漠又叫利比亚沙漠。它是世界最大的沙漠——撒哈拉沙漠的一部分，约占埃及面积的2/3。它的南部海拔350~500米，大吉勒夫高原海拔1000米左右，中部和北部多洼地，以盖塔拉洼地面积最大。有地下水的洼地形成绿洲。

尼罗河以东的东部沙漠，亦称阿拉伯沙漠。它直逼红海之滨，地势由东向西倾斜，红海沿岸多山，海拔1500米左右。

苏伊士运河以东的西奈半岛，位于亚洲的西南部，面积约6.4万平方千米，占埃及面积的6.38%。地中海沿岸多西奈半岛沙丘，北部低地是蒂赫沙漠，多间歇性河流和干涸的河床。东部为高原，圣卡特琳山海拔2637米，是埃及的最高山峰，相传是摩西受“十诫”的地方。

Nile is Egypt's lifeline, is "the mother of Egypt." It is the first river in Africa, but also one of the world's longest rivers with a total length of more than 6670 km. It originated in Uganda, Lake Victoria by the White Nile, Blue Nile originated in the Ethiopian highlands, in the Sudanese capital Khartoum, after merging into Egypt. North-south from south to north in eastern Egypt, in Egypt in a period of up to 1530 kilometers, is indeed a Zhou Ji, an important benefit irrigation water resources. One of the world's four major ancient civilizations of Egypt, the Nile is nurtured, the development of its splendid ancient culture.

According to differences in natural conditions are generally divided into four regions of Egypt - the Nile Basin and the Nile Delta region, the western desert regions, eastern desert region, the Sinai Peninsula. South of Cairo, is the width of 3 to 16 kilometers of the Nile green corridor, commonly known as Upper Egypt. , North of Cairo, known as Lower Egypt. Alexandria and Port Said between the alluvial plain of the Nile Delta, an area of about 20000 ~ 40000 square kilometers. In the past, the Nile flood every year on a regular basis, to bring the fertile alluvial delta. Here is the birthplace of ancient culture of Egypt is the country's most important economic activities in the region, Egypt, most of the population is concentrated here, but also the world's most densely

populated regions.

The Nile to the west of the western desert called the Libyan desert. It is the world's largest desert - the Sahara desert as part of Egypt, an area of

approximately 2 / 3. It is the south elevation of 350 to 500 meters, gilf kebir plateau about 1,000 meters above sea level, central and northern parts of