软件工程(双语)复习提纲

软件工程(双语)复习提纲

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering

*What is software?

-Computer programs and associated documentation and Data

-Two fundamental types of software product: generic products and customized products

*What is software engineering?

-Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production

*What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? -Computer science is concerned with theory and fundamentals;

-software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software

*What is a software process?

-A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software

-Generic activities in all software processes are:

Specification 、Development 、Validation 、Evolution

Chapter 4 Software Process

*Software process

-Software processes are the activities involved in producing and evolving a software system.

-A structured set of activities required to develop a software system: specification; design and implementation; validation; evolution.

-General process activities are specification, design and implementation, validation and evolution.

*Software process models

-Software process models are abstract representations of these processes.

-Generic process models describe the organisation of software processes. Examples include the waterfall model, evolutionary development and

软件工程(双语)复习提纲

component-based software engineering.

-waterfall model is only appropriate when the requirements are well-understood and changes

-The waterfall model is mostly used for large systems engineering projects where a system is developed at several sites

-There are two fundamental types of evolutionary development: exploratory development and throw-away prototyping

-Exploratory development should start with well-understood requirements and add new features as proposed by the customer

-Throw-away prototyping should start with poorly understood requirements to clarify what is really needed.

- Evolutionary development is mostly used for small or medium-size interactive systems and short-lifetime systems

*Iterative process models describe the software process as a cycle of activities

Chapter 5 Project management

*Primary project management activities:

-Proposal writing.

-Project planning and scheduling. -Project costing.

-Project monitoring and reviews. -Personnel selection and evaluation. -Report writing and presentations.

*Project planning

-Milestones are the end-point of a process activity.

-Deliverables are project results delivered to customers.

*Project scheduling

-Organize tasks concurrently to make optimal use of workforce.

软件工程(双语)复习提纲

-Minimize task dependencies to avoid delays caused by one task waiting for another to complete.

-Graphical notations used to illustrate the project schedule: bar charts and activity networks

-Activity charts show task dependencies and the critical path. -Bar charts show schedule against calendar time.

Task durations and dependencies

Activity network

软件工程(双语)复习提纲

Activity bar chart (Gantt chart)

Staff allocation vs. time chart chart

*Risk management

-Three related categories of risk: project risks, product risks, business risks

-Project risks affect schedule or resources;

-Product risks affect the quality or performance of the software being developed;

-Business risks affect the organisation developing or procuring the software

-The process of risk management involves several stages: Risk identification, Risk analysis, Risk planning, Risk monitoring.

-Risk identification: Identify project, product and business risks;

-Risk analysis: Assess the likelihood and consequences of these risks; -Risk planning: Draw up plans to avoid or minimise the effects of the risk; -Risk monitoring: Monitor the risks throughout the project;

软件工程(双语)复习提纲

The risk management process

Chapter 6 Software Requirements

*Types of requirement:

-Functional and non-functional requirements -User requirements and system requirements

*Functional and non-functional requirements

-Functional requirements

Statements of services the system should provide, how the system

should react to particular inputs and how the system should behave in particular situations.

-Non-functional requirements

Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as

timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc.

-The types of non-functional requirement are: product requirements, organisational requirements, external requirements.

-Functional requirements set out services the system should provide.

-Non-functional requirements constrain the system being developed or the development process.

软件工程(双语)复习提纲

*In principle, requirements should be both complete and consistent.

-Complete

They should include descriptions of all facilities required. -Consistent

There should be no conflicts or contradictions in the descriptions of the

system facilities.

Chapter 7 Requirements Engineering Processes

*The requirements engineering process includes

- Feasibility study, requirements elicitation and analysis, requireme …… 此处隐藏：8229字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……