厌氧氨氧化菌的物种多样性与生态分布

应用生态学报　2009年5月　第20卷　第5期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,May2009,20(5):1229-1235

厌氧氨氧化菌的物种多样性与生态分布

陈婷婷　郑　平

33

3

　胡宝兰

(浙江大学环境工程系,杭州310029)

摘　要　,氮,在环境工程上具有重大开发价值.,倍增时间长达11d以上,严重制约了该反应的开发进程,.厌氧氨氧化菌种类丰富,,,这些菌群生态分布广泛,.硝化细菌和反硝化细菌兼有厌氧氨氧化能力,.厌氧消化污泥可呈现硫酸盐,可为新型生物脱氮工艺的研发奠定基础.探明厌氧氨氧化菌种资源及其,将有利于厌氧氨氧化的开发应用.关键词　厌氧氨氧化菌　物种多样性　生理多样性　生态多样性文章编号　1001-9332(2009)05-1229-07　中图分类号　X172　文献标识码　ASpeciesdiversityandecologicaldistributionofanaerobicammonium2oxidizingbacteri2a1CHENTing2ting,ZHENGPing,HUBao2lan(DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,Zhe2jiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,China).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2009,20(5):1229-1235.

Abstract:Anaerobicammoniumoxidation(anammox)isanimportantdiscoveryinmicrobiology

+-andenvironmentalsciences,whichcansimultaneouslyremoveNH42NandNO32N,beingvalua2

bleinenvironmentalengineering.However,anaerobicammoniumoxidizersareextremelyslow2growing,andtheirpopulation’sdoublingtimeislongerthan11days,whichseriouslyrestrictstheapplicationofanammoxprocess.Therefore,thestudyofanammoxbacteriaisofsignificance.Ithasbeenprovedthatbesidesplanctomycetes,thefirstrecognizedanammoxbacteria,bothnitrifyingbacteriaanddenitrifyingbacteriaarealsocapableofanaerobicammoniumoxidation.Theseanam2moxbacteriahavewide2spreadhabitats,whichofferedachancetoexploitnewbacterialresourcesforanammox.Nitrifyingbacteriaanddenitrifyingbacteriahavethefunctionofanammox,andtheirmetabolicdiversityprovidesabasistospeedupthestart2upofanammoxreactor.Itwasrevealedthatanaerobicdigestionsludgecanpresentanammoxactivity,withsulphateaselectronacceptor.ThenewbioreactionlaysafoundationforthedevelopmentofnovelN2removalbiotechnology,beingconducivetothedevelopmentandapplicationofanammoxtogetmorebacterialresourcesforanam2moxandtomakecleartheecologicaldistributionofanammoxbacteria.

Keywords:anaerobicammonium2oxidizingbacteria;speciesdiversity;physiologicaldiversity;ec2ologicaldiversity.

　　厌氧氨氧化(anaerobicammoniumoxidation,an2

ammox)指以氨为电子供体、亚硝酸盐为电子受体的

+-生物反应(NH4+NO2→N2+H2O),利用该反应,可同时去除氨氮和亚硝氮两种污染物,在环境工程

上具有重大的开发价值.荷兰Rotterdam污水厂的生

3国家自然科学基金项目(30770039)、国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA06Z332)和浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y507227)资助.33通讯作者.E2mail:pzheng@2008210227收稿,2009202223接受.产性Anammox反应器用于处理污泥压滤液,其总氮

-3-1[1]

去除速率可达915kgN m d,远远超过传

-3-1

统生物脱氮工艺(0123～015kgN m d),其

-1

处理费用为0175欧元 kgN,远低于传统生物脱

-1[2]

氮工艺(2～5欧元 kgN).但是,厌氧氨氧化菌的倍增时间很长(11d)、细胞产率极低[0111g

-1+

VSS gNH42N],致使Anammox反应器启动缓慢,上述第一个生产性Anammox反应器的启动过程长达315a,严重阻碍了该工艺的工程应用.