(1)hold back 跨躇，退缩；阻止，抑制

(2)hold on 继续，掘住不放

(3)hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持

(4)hold out 维持，支持；坚持，不屈服

(5)hold up 举起，承载；阻挡，使停止；抢劫，拦截13.keep

(1)keep an eye on 留意，照看

(2)keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留

(3)keep company with 与...交往，与...结伴

(4)keep down 控制，压制，镇压；压低，放低（声音）

(5)keep from 使...不（做）

(6)keep house 管理家务，做家务

(7)keep in touch 保持联系

(8)keep off 不接近，避开

(9)keep on 继续不断，保持

(10)keep one's head 保持镇静

(11)keep one's word 守信用

(12)keep out of 躲开，置身...之外

(13)keep to 坚持，保持

(14)keep track 通晓事态，注意动向

(15)keep up 保持，维持；继续进行，坚持

(16)keep up with 向...看齐，跟上...

14.look

(1)look after 照管，照料

(2)look at 看望，注视

(3)look back 回顾，回头看

(4)look down on 看不起，轻视

(5)look for 寻找，寻求

(6)look forward to 盼望，期待

(7)look in 顺便看望

(8)look into 调查，观察，过问，窥视

(9)look on 帝观，观看；看待；视作

(10)look out 留神，注意，提防，警惕

(11)look over 检查，查看，调查

(12)look through 仔细杳看，浏览，温习

(13)look up 查阅，查考；寻找（某人）

(14)look up to 尊敬，敬仰

15.make

(1)make a face 做鬼脸

(2)make a/the difference 有影响，很重要

(3)make believe 假装

(4)make for 走向，驶向；有助于，有利于

(5)make friends 交朋支，友好相处

(6)make fun of 取笑；嘲弄