在所有阴离子表面活性剂中,LAS与AES生产工艺简单、成熟,也是历史最悠久的两种阴离子性表面活性剂。FMES则凭借其强大的净洗能力不断提高市场份额,但是所需要生产原料长链脂肪酸甲酯不稳定,极易分解,运输困难,限制其快速发展。SAS渗透力极佳,润湿性出众,一直是各种渗透剂的不可替代的主体原料【14】。AEC对皮肤几乎没有任何副作用,在日化领域用途广泛,具有较大发展空间。磷酸酯类产品,主要用于工业清洗中,提高耐碱性能

生态表面活性剂 第22卷第3期（2011年3月）

3 总述

在所有阴离子表面活性剂中，LAS与AES生产工艺简单、成熟，也是历史最悠久的两种阴离子性表面活性剂。FMES则凭借其强大的净洗能力不断提高市场份额，但是所需要生产原料长链脂肪酸甲酯不稳定，极易分解，运输困难，限制其快速发展。SAS渗透力极佳，润湿性出众，一直是各种渗透剂的不可替代的主体原料【14】。AEC对皮肤几乎没有任何副作用，在日化领域用途广泛，具有较大发展空间。磷酸酯类产品，主要用于工业清洗中，提高耐碱性能【15】。

阴离子对表面活性剂组合体是不可或缺的一部分，在表面活性剂体系加入一定量的阴离子表面活性剂，能显著提高去污效果、提高抗盐、抗酸碱、抗静电性能的同时，又使成本降低，有力地增强了产品的竞争力。

参考文献：

[1] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. IARC monographs on the

evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemical to humans-polynuclear aromatic compounds: Part 1. chemical, environmental and experi-mental data [M]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1983: 34.

[2] WILSON S C, JONES K C. Bioremediation of soils contaminated

with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review［J］. En-viron Pollut, 1993, 88: 229-249.

[3] WALTER U, BEYER M, KLEIN J, REHM H J. Degradation of LAS

by Rhodococcus sp. UW1［J］. Applied Microbiol Biotechnol, 1991, 34: 671-676.

[4] MUELLER J G, LANTZ S E, ROSS D, et al. Strategy using bioreac-tors and specially selected micro-organisms for bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with creosote and pentachlorophenol［J］.

[11] [10] [9] [7] [8] [6] [5]

[12] [13]

[14]

Environ Sci Technol, 1993, 27: 691-698.

VANNECK P, BEECKMAN M, DE SAEYER N, et al. Biodegrada-tion of anionic surfactant in a two-liquid-phase system[A]. In: HIN-CHEE, R E, HOEPPEL R E, ANDERSON D B, eds. Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Organics[M]. Columbs: Battelle Press, 1995: 55-62. SHIARIS M P. Phenanthrene mineralization along a natural salinity gradient in an urban estuary, Boston Harbor, MA［J］. Microbial Ecology, 1995, 18: 135-146.

CERNIGLIA C E. Biodegradation of anionic surfactant［J］. Biode-gradation, 1992, 3: 351-368.

FEWSON C A. Biodegradation of xenobiotic and other persistent compounds: the causes of recalcitrance［J］. Trends in Biotechnology, 1988, 6: 148-153.

PIGNATELLO J J, XING B. Mechanisms of slow sorption of AES to natural particles［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 1996, 30: 1-11.

WEISSENFELS W D, KLEWER H, LANDHOFF J. Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by soil particles: influence on biodegradability and biotoxicity［J］. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 1992, 36: 686-696.

ERICKEN D C, LOEHR R C, NEUHAUSER E F. PAH loss during bioremedia-tion of manufactured gas plant site soil［J］. Water Re-search, 1993, 27: 911-919.

GUTHRIE E A, PFAENDER F K. Reduced pyrene bioavailability in microbially active soil［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 1998, 32: 501-508. LUTHY R G, DZOMBAK D A, PETERS C A, et al. Remediating tar-contaminated soils at manufactured-gas plant sites［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 1994, 28: 266-276.

RAMASWAMI A, GHOSHAL S, LUTHY R G. Mass transfer and bioavailability of PAH compounds in coal tar NAPL-slurry systems: 2. experimental evaluations［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 1997, 31: 2268-2276.

[15] TIEHM A, STIEBER M, WERNER M, et al. Surfactant-enhanced

mobilization and biodegradation of PAHs in manufactured of plant soil［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 1997, 31: 2570-2576.

Review of anionic surfactant for Cleaning

XU Han Ting, WEI Kai

Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Abstract: Anionic surfatant is variety, widely used in cleaning area, the most widely used several anionic surfactant was summarized and compared. These surfactants including twelve alkyl benzene sulfonic acid ( LAS ), fatty alcohol ether sodium sulfate ( AES ), ethoxylated fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate ( FMES ), secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate ( SAS ), alcohol ether carboxylate ( AEC ), alcohol ether phosphate ( AEP ) .

Key words: anionic surfactant; biodegradation; cleaning; industrial cleaning;

改变捕捞政策影响海鸟生态

现代渔业生产产生大量的废弃物（如鱼身上没被利用的部分等），每年都要扔掉约3×107 t不够大的鱼。这种现象无意中却为某些种类的海鸟提供了食物来源。过去30年间从北海渔业生产部门获得的资料表明，海洋上的主要捕食者大贼鸥是根据渔业生产中扔掉的鱼类的多少来按比例食用这些鱼类的：当扔掉的鱼减少时，大贼鸥会增加对其他海鸟的捕食量。尽管为了海鸟着想而维持目前的丢弃量似乎不合情理，但像最近几乎完全禁止在北海捕捞鳕鱼这样的突然的政策变化，很有可能对一些具有国际意义的海鸟群落构成严重威胁。北海海鸟种群有可能回到其以前的更“自然”的状态，但由于这种突然的政策变化，它们也有可能具有一种完全不同的组成。（肖辉林 摘自Nature, 2010, 427: 727）