Polyaniline-intercalated layered vanadium oxide nanocomposites—One-pot hydrothermal synthesis and application in lithium battery

Downloaded on 02 December 2010Published on 08 September 2010 on | doi:10.1039/C0NR00246A

Fig.15Cyclingperformancesofthecellsfabricatedwithsamplesobtainedatdifferentreactiontemperatures(a)140 C,(b)160 C,(c)120 C,(d)180 Cand(e)pureV2O5.

nmandatypicallateraldimensionintherangeofhundredsofnanometrestoseveralmicrometres.Thein uenceofseveralreactionparametersonthestructureandmorphologyoftheresultingsampleswasdiscussed.Itwasfoundthatacidicenvi-ronmentandproperreactiontemperaturearevitalforthesynthesisofthepolyaniline-intercalatedlayeredvanadiumoxidenanocomposite.Aninsituintercalation-polymerization-exfolia-tionmechanismwasputforwardfortheformationoflayerednanocompositesbasedontheexperimentresults.Themethodreportedhereisfastandsimple,andisalsoapplicableforthesynthesisofotherpolymer-intercalatedlayerednanocompositessuchaspolypyrrole-intercalatedandpoly(3,4-ethyl-enedioxythiophene)-intercalatedlayeredvanadiumoxidenano-composites.Thelithiumintercalationperformancesoftheobtainednanocompositeweremeasured.Theresultssuggestthatthepolyaniline-intercalatedlayeredvanadiumoxidenano-compositeobtainedat140 Ccanactasapromisingcathodematerialforhigh-energy-densityrechargeablelithiummicro-batteries.

whichcouldbeeasilyoxidizedbyanelectrochemicalmethod,asalreadyreportedinthecaseofconductivepolymer/V2O5hybrids.39,40

Charge-discharge(chronopotentiometric)experimentswereperformedaccordingtoref.18totestthespeci ccapacitiesoftheobtainedsamples.Fig.S2 showssuchdataforV2O5(dottedline)andpolyaniline-intercalatedvanadiumoxidelayerednanocompositesobtainedat140 C(solidline).Thespeci ccapacitiesofthesesamplescalculatedfromtheexperimentaldataare134.1mAh$gÀ1and167.6mAh$gÀ1,respectively.Thesevaluesarenotaslargeasthosereportedinref.18.Nevertheless,thenanocompositepreparedat140 Cshowsasuperiorspeci ccapacityandcharge-dischargebehaviorincomparisonwiththeparentmaterial,whichisinagreementwiththetestedresultofthefabricatedcell.

Goodcyclingperformanceisadesirablefeatureinbatteryapplications.Recently,muchworkwasconcentratedonimprovingthecyclingperformanceofV2O5throughdoping.41,42Fig.15showsthecyclingperformancesofcellsfabricatedwithpureV2O5andtheresultingsamplesobtainedatdifferentreac-tiontemperatures,paredwithpureV2O5,thesamplesobtainedat140 Cand160 Cexhibitmuchbettercyclingabilityandhigherreversiblecapacity.After30cycles,thecapacityofthecellfabricatedwiththesampleobtainedat140 Cdecreasesto209mAh$gÀ1atarateof29.5mA$gÀ1,whichis87%ofitsinitialcapacity.Thiscomparativeanalysisclearlysuggeststhattheobtainedlayerednanocompositemayactasapromisingcathodematerialinhigh-energy-densityrechargeablelithiummicrobatteries.

Acknowledgements

Theauthorsgreatlyappreciatethe nancialsupportoftheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo.20773065,20635020),NationalBasicResearchProgram(973project)(GrantNo.2007CB936302)andModernAnalysisCenterofNanjingUniversity.

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Conclusion

Insummary,polyaniline-intercalatedlayeredvanadiumoxidenanocompositeshavebeensynthesizedbyinsituintercalationandpolymerizationofanilinewithbulkV2O5underhydro-thermalconditions.Theresultingpolyaniline-intercalatedvana-diumoxidelayerednanocompositeshavehybridhierarchicalarchitectureswithamorphologyofwhitefunguswhichareself-assembledfromthenanosheetswithathicknessbetween10–20