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三、 代词

(一) 知识概要

英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表

人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 i you he she it we you they

宾格 me you him her it us you them

物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表

人称 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的

形容词性 my your his her its ours your they 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词可见下表

人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们

反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourself themselves

指示代词主要有this, that, these, those 疑问代词有：who, whom whose, what, which, 还有疑问副词when, how, where, why。

不定代词在初中课本中主要有some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either

(二) 正误辨析

［误］Tom's mother is taller than my. ［正］Tom's mother is taller than mine.

［析］形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。

［误］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.

［正］We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.

［析］在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework， 所以应用it。

［误］He and you should go to the library to return the books.

［正］You and he should go to the library to return the books.

［析］这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you， they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：

11

He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.

You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.

We, you and they have been there before. I, he and you have to pay for it.

［误］He or his brother is doing their homework. ［正］He or his brother is doing his homework.

［析］由either or, neither nor, or 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.

［误］His brother is taller than him. ［正］His brother is taller than he.

［析］than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。 I like you as much as she.

［正］I like you as much as her.

［析］as as 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。 ［误］Myself did it yesterday. ［正］I myself did it yesterday. ［正］I did it myself yesterday.

［析］反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。

［误］Take care of ourselves.

［正］Take care of yourselves .(yourself)

［析］祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.

［误］Please bring your daughter with yourself. ［正］Please bring your daughter with you.

［析］反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old woman spoke to herself.

［误］Make yourself home. ［正］Make yourself at home. ［析］这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：

enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样

help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路