介词的用法

介词的用法解析

介词(preposition):介词也叫前置词。在英语里，它的 搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子 成分,需和名词或代词(或相当于名 词的其他词类、短语及从句)构成 介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。

一、介词的种类(1)简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at,before, behind, below, beside, but, by,

down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 (2)合成介词： inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within

(3)短语介词： according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with regard to等等。 (4)分词介词： considering(考虑到), given (考虑到), including(包含), respecting(关于) regarding , concerning, (就…而言),

二、介词短语的作用介词不单独作句子成分，其后跟名词、代词、 数词、副词、短语、从句等作它的宾语，构成介词 短语。 1、作状语 通常位于句首或句尾，表时间、地点、原因、结 果、方式、比较等。 eg: Everybody understood except me. 除我之外，大家都理解了。 I came here for my briefcase. 我来这里拿公文包。

2、作定语 跟在所修饰的名词后面，作后置定语。 eg: They have rented a flat of three rooms. 他们租了一套三居室的公寓。 The lady in red is my sister-in-law. 穿红衣服的那位女士是我嫂子。

3、作表语 eg: Sally is in the language lab with Tom 莎莉和汤姆在语音室。 What he said is of great help to learners of English. 他刚才的话对英语学习者很有帮助。

4、作宾语补足语 eg: What makes you in such a hurry? 什么事使你这样匆匆忙忙？ The duty of the police is to keep the country in order. 警察的职责是维持国家秩序。

三、 介词词组的构成1. 介词+宾语(名词、代词、动名词) He fought for his country. She is waiting for me. They succeeded in escaping.

2. 介词+疑问词引导的从句 I’m very interested in what you told me. He is thingking of how to orgnaize the trip well.

3. 介词+不定式结构 除了个别介词(except, but)外，介词通 常不和不定式构成短语 They did nothing but play all day. The medicine had no effect except to make me sleepy (but, except 前有do的任何形式，其后跟不 带to的不定式)

4. 介词+that从句 除了个别介词(besides、but、except、 in 等)以外，介词通常不跟that从句 The meal was very good except that the fish was a bit too salty.(除了…这一点) I would have helped you but that I was so busy then.(若不是)

5. 双重介词结构 个别介词(from, till, until, except等)可以 和另一个介词词组在句中充当成分。 A tiger rushed out from among the trees He goes to school every day except on Sunday.

四、

介词具体的分类归纳 1、地点(位置、范围)介词： above在…前, across在…对面, after在…后面, along 在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在 ….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

2、方向(目标趋向)介词 across横越..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., between…and…从…到..., by路过/通过..., for向..., from从/离..., into进入..., near接近..., off脱离/除..., out of向...外, past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, away from远离...

3、时间介词： about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以 前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, insince自从…(至今), through 贯 穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今, at the beginning of在...开始时 , at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 , at the time of在...时

4、方式介词： as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用 …(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…

5、涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除 了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针 对..., with就…而言

6、其它介词:

【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to 为了… 【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为... 【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样 ,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同

【伴随/状态介词】 at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.), in穿着…(衣服/颜色), into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起

五、部分介词用法辩异1、地点介词1)at, in, by

at 表示把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”,此外，at用于表示在某一单位、 机关，较抽象； He works at the post office. 他在邮局上班。

in 则把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间。in于表示在某一 单位、机关，则较具体。 In the rain we were sheltering in the post office. 我们在邮局里面避雨。 at 表示小地点 ，in表示大地点by 用在表示

位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意) 。 by the fire 在炉边 by the seaside 在海边 a path by the river 沿河道路 by the nearest road 走近路